BIOCHEM C1

Question 1

Types of chemical bonds

Answer 1

Non-polar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond

Question 2

Acid/base theories

Answer 2

Arrhenius theory of acids and bases
Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases
Lewis concept of acids and bases

Question 3

Strong acids

Answer 3

HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
HBr
Hl
HClO4

Question 4

Weak acids

Answer 4

all remaining acids such as
HCN
HF
H2S
HCOOH

Question 5

Strong bases

Answer 5

Hydroxides from group I & II (alkali metals and alkali earth metals)
LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH

Question 6

Weak bases

Answer 6

All remaining basic compounds
NH3
CH3NH2
C5H5N

Question 7

Alicylic compounds

Answer 7

Saturated: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane
Unsaturated: cyclopentene, cyclohexene

Question 8

Aromatic compounds

Answer 8

Benzene
Diphenyl
Napthalene

Question 9

Biomolecules and their building blocks

Answer 9

Carbohydrates - monosaccharide
Lipids - fatty acids
Protein - amino acids
Nucleic acid - nucleotide

Question 10

Biochemical reactions

Answer 10

Exothermic
Endothermic

Question 11

Functional groups of organic compounds

Answer 11

Carboxylic acid
Ketone
Amine
Amide
Ester
Ether
Alcohol
Acid halide
Nitrile
Thiol
Aldehyde

Question 12

Functional group of biomolecules

Answer 12

Carboxyl
Carbonyl
Hydroxyl
Sulfhydryl
Methyl
Amino
Phosphate

Question 13

Made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons

Answer 13

Atom

Question 14

Important for elements to form a compound

Answer 14

Electrons

Question 15

Hydrogen can bond with which elements?

Answer 15

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Flourine

Question 16

Equal sharing of electrons or electronegativity

Answer 16

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 17

Non-equal sharing of electrons (ex: hydrogen bonding)

Answer 17

Polar covalent bond

Question 18

Complete transfer of valence electrons

Answer 18

Ionic bonding

Question 19

pH scale, which is considered basic?

Answer 19

14-7.1

Question 20

What is the pH level of water

Answer 20

7

Question 21

pH level, what is considered acidic?

Answer 21

6.9-1

Question 22

In the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases, with water as a solvent, if the compound produces H+ ions, what is it?

Answer 22

Acid

Question 23

In the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases, with water as a solvent, if the compound produces OH- ions, what is it?

Answer 23

Base

Question 24

In the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, the proton donor is the…?

Answer 24

Acid

Question 25

In the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, the proton acceptor is the…?

Answer 25

Base

Question 26

The compound that can act as both acid and base in the Bronsted-Lowry theory is called?

Answer 26

Amphoteric (H2O)

Question 27

Electron acceptor in the Lewis concept of acids and bases is called?

Answer 27

Electrophile

Question 28

Electron donor in the Lewis concept of acids and bases is called?o

Answer 28

Nucleophile

Question 29

In the Lewis concept of acids and bases, the electrophile or acid acceptor is the…?

Answer 29

Acid

Question 30

In the Lewis concept of acids and bases, the nucleophile or acid donor is the…?

Answer 30

Base

Question 32

it is the most abundant biomolecules that are widely used by organisms for structural and energy-storage purposes.

Answer 32

Carbohydrates

Question 33

it is the most diverse biomolecule on earth. It performs many functions required for life. These are biological catalysts that maintain life by regulating where and when cellular reactions occur.

Answer 33

Protein

Question 34

Biomolecules that are nonpolar and hydrophobic in nature. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.

Answer 34

Lipids

Question 35

It is a giant biomolecules that made of 3 components: pentose sugar (5-carbon sugar), phosphate group and nitrogenous base.

Answer 35

Nucleic acids

Question 36

are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things.

Answer 36

Biochemical reactions

Question 37

This field demonstrates that knowledge of chemistry as well as biology is needed to understand fully the life processes of organisms at the level of the cell.

Answer 37

Biochemistry

Question 38

The sum of all the biochemical reactions in an organism

Answer 38

Metabolism

Question 39

Chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

Answer 39

Exothermic reactions or catabolic reactions

Question 40

Chemical reaction in which an organism absorbs energy in the form of heat

Answer 40

Endothermic reaction or anabolic reaction

Question 41

Unique characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 41

• Simple structure • No prominent nucleus • Small size • Cell wall has peptidoglycan • Small ribosomes • Unicellular • No organelles • Examples are bacteria and Archaea

Question 42

Unique characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 42

• Complex structure • Prominent nucleus • Large size • Cell wall has Chitin or cellulose • Large ribosomes • Unicellular or multicellular • Membrane bounded organelles • Human, plant, fungi and protists

Question 43

Similar characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 43

• Contain DNA • Contain ribosomes • Have cell membrane • Contain cytoplasm