1. The historian/author 2. Place 3. Period 4. Sources

RPH 1 Flashcards by Moira Ramos

Derived from the Greek noun ‘Historia’ which means ‘inquiry’ or ‘research’.

History

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A chronological record of significant events (such as those affecting a nation or institution) often including an explanation of their causes.

History

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“History is a narration of the events which have happened among mankind, including an account of the rise and fall of nations, as well as of other great changes which have affected the political and social condition of the human race.”

John J. Anderson. 1876. A Manual of General History

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“History is a record of unchanging past.”

Aristotle

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“History is all the remains that have come down to us from the past, studied with all the critical and interpretative power that the present can bring to the task.”

Frederick Jackson Turner

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“History deals with the past, not with the future. We use history to avoid the mistakes of the past, not to recreate the very same events. You cannot.”

Teodoro A. Agoncillo, Talking History: Conversations with Teodoro A. Agoncillo

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“History is not the past . . . History is the distillation of evidence surviving from the past. Where there is no evidence there is no history.”

Oscar Handlin, Truth in History

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“History is the record of what one age finds worthy of note in another.”

Jacob Burckhardt

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“History is a connected account of the course of events or progress of ideas.”

Rapson

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refers to the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources and the selection of particulars from the authentic materials.

Historiography

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as mentioned by Candelaria and Alporha in 2018, underwent several changes since the pre- colonial period until the present.

Philippine historiography

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Filipino historians with different views on Philippine historiography:

a. Gregorio F. Zaide, Fr. Horacio Dela Costa and Fr. Jose Arcilla
b. Teodoro Agoncillo
c. Samuel K. Tan
d. Reynaldo C. Ileto
e. Renato Constantino
f. Zeus A. Salazar

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nationalist point of view of Filipino history (nationalist historiography); said that Philippine History started in 1872.

Teodoro Agoncillo

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Philippine history is a collective interplay of events; history is not just the work of a particular group of people in a particular place; opposed the Manila- centered history.

Samuel K. Tan

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history from below; “Pasyon at Rebolusyon”.

Reynaldo C. Ileto

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Philippine history is a collective interplay of events; history is not just the work of a particular group of people in a particular place; opposed the Manila- centered history.

Samuel K. Tan

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“history is the achievement of man not the individual but the collective”; history from below; masses as real movers of history.

Renato Constantino

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”pantayong pananaw”; use of Filipino language as medium of instruction in teaching history

Zeus A. Salazar

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Refers to the person writing/ documenting the events/ history.

The Historian/ Author

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The location where the history was written.

Place

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Refers to the person writing/ documenting the events/ history.

The Historian/ Author

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It refers to the context of the time when the history was written.

Period

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Defined as objects that have been left in the past and that exist either as relic or as testimonies of witnesses to the past.

Sources

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Elements of history:

Study These Flashcards

The historian/author
Place
Period
Sources

Four basic categories of historical sources:

Documents Numerical records Oral statements Relics

are written or printed materials that have been produced in one form or another sometime in the past.

Documents

include any type of numerical data in printed or handwritten form

Numerical records

include any form of statement made orally by someone.

Oral statements

are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past

Relics

These are contemporary accounts of an event, written by someone who experienced or witnessed the event in question.

Primary sources

are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past.

Relics

Primary source documents are often…

diaries, letters, memoirs, journals, speeches, manuscripts, interviews and other such unpublished works

The function of these is to interpret primary sources, and so can be described as at least one step removed from the event or phenomenon under review.

Secondary sources

Secondary sources are usually in the form of…

published works such as journal articles or books, but may include radio or television documentaries, or conference proceedings.

refers to the genuineness of the documents a researcher uses in a historical study.

External criticism

Six inquiries of external criticism

Garraghan 1.When was the source, written or unwritten, produced (date)? 2.Where was it produced (localization)? 3.By whom it was produced (authorship)? 4.From what pre- existing material was it produced (analysis)? 5.In what original form was it produced (integrity)? 6.What is the evidential value of its contents (credibility)?

refers to the accuracy of the contents of a document.

Internal criticism

In doing external and internal criticisms, the following shall be considered:

a. Genealogy of the Document b. Genesis of a Document c. The Originality of the Document d. Interpretation of the Document e. Authorial Authority f. Competence of the Observer g. The Trustworthiness of the Observer

REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

National Archives of the Philippines (NAP) National Library of the Philippines (NLP) National Museum of the Philippines University of the Philippines- Diliman Library Local Studies Center Online Sites

Repository of public documents- notaries, birth certificates, government correspondences and records, maps to name few.

National Archives of the Philippines (NAP)

survived the destruction during World War II, termites and silverfishes, earthquakes, floods, and fire.

National Archives of the Philippines (NAP)

The official national library of the country. Its collections consists of more than 210, 000 books; over 880,000 manuscripts, all part of the Filipiniana Division; more than 170,000 newspaper issues from Metro Manila and across the Philippines; some 66,000 theses and dissertations; 104,000 government publications; 3,800 maps and 53,000 photographs.

National Library of the Philippines (NLP)

It is the government institution in the Philippines that serves as an educational, scientific and cultural institution in preserving the various permanent national collections featuring the ethnographic, anthropological, archaeological and visual artistry of the Philippines.

National Museum of the Philippines

Situated at Gonzales Hall of the UP- Diliman campus, primary documents of historical significance during the Spanish and Japanese Period can be seen in this library

University of the Philippines- Diliman Library

Described and dedicated for the enrichment and study of one locality‟s history, culture and related studies.

Local studies center

According to Foronda in 1991, local studies centers in the Philippines have the following functions:

1. these serve as clearing house in-charge of collecting, organizing, disseminating and preserving local studies materials of their particular locality; 2. these local studies centers are responsible for conducting, publishing and promoting local historical researches; 3. these are responsible for promoting historical events and creating historical activities; and 4. these local studies centers are encouraged to establish and sustain linkage and networking with other centers, historical bodies, and government bodies both here and abroad (Foronda, 1991 as cited by Jimenez, 2006, p. 7).

Some of the Spanish era primary sources can be accessed at the websites of the following libraries: Archivo Nacional Historico, Archivo General de Indians, and Portal de Archivos Espanoles (PARES). American period documents can be accessed on the other hand at the websites of the following: Library of Congress, HathITrust Digital Library, Archive.org and University of Michigan Library.

Online sites

TECHNICAL TOOLS IN EXAMINING SOURCES

1. Paleography 2. Diplomatics 3. Archaeology 4. Statistics 5. Linguistics 6. Genealogy 7. Prosopography 8. Sigillography 9. Heraldry 10. Numismatics

Study of handwriting

Paleography

Used primarily for textual analysis; writing styles maybe determined by its specific time/period wherein there is a set of writing conventions and formulas.

Diplomatics

The scientific study of the material remains of past human life and activities. These include human artifacts from the very earliest stone tools to the man-made objects that are buried or thrown away in the present day.

Archaeology

Branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of masses of numerical data.

Statistics

The study of the structure and development of language in general or of particular languages.

Linguistics

The study of family relationships.

Genealogy

Science and art of identifying and decoding seals.

Sigillography

Study of coats of arms.

Heraldry

Study of coins

Numismatics

Study of coats of arms.

Heraldry

RPH 1 Flashcards

(58 cards)