Pathology 1 RUSVM > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Areas to avoid for necropsy (4)

A

● Areas accessible to animals/people
● Areas that may contain food
● High traffic areas
● Areas difficult to disinfect

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2
Q

Good area for necropsy (3)

A

● Concrete
● Dirt area in the sun (natural
disinfectant)
● Tarped area

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3
Q

Disposal options post necropsy (5)

A

b. Disposal options
i. Burial (must be deep enough!)
ii. Rendering
iii. Transport to a disposal site
iv. Incineration
v. Composting

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4
Q

All specimens should be handled and treated as if they are zoonotic. What are Routes of exposure to pathogens during a PM? (4)

A

i. Oral → wear masks
ii. Splash into eye → use eye protection
iii. Aerosolization
iv. Percutaneous (sharps injury)

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5
Q

External examination look at what?

A

Exam the skin, wounds, ectoparasites, feet (pads, claws, hooves). Exam eyes, ears, nose, and oral cavity (hemorrhage, blisters, exudate)

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6
Q

Carcass position:
Cows lie on what side? Why?
Horses?
Others?

A

Cows (ruminants)left because of rumen
Horses (equine) right because of cecum
Others doesn’t matter

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7
Q

Body cavity order (ATC) define

A

Abdomen
Thorax (confirm for negative pressure in the chest)
a. Remove the Pluck = heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus &
tongue
i. Reflect the tongue and larynx ventrally (to the side)
Cranium

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8
Q

Collection of microbiological samples should be done?

A

First!

Collected aseptically
Intestines are sampled last

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9
Q

Remove and dissect organs
Solids organs slide like what?
Incise organs with a what?
Open all chambers and valves of the heart by what ratio?
Brain?
Ingesta?

A

i. Solid organs → “Breadloaf” slice
ii. Organs with capsules need to be incised (ex: kidneys)
iii. Heart → open all chambers and valves
1. Should be 3:1 ratio between left and right ventricle
iv. Brain → always should be removed
1. 2 cuts on either side of foramen magnum & extend
2. 1 cut across the orbit
v. Ingesta → check for foreign material, toxic plants, feed quality, etc.

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10
Q

Formalin collection ratio should be?

A

10:1 ratio of formalin : tissue
a. Formalin will not penetrate more than 1⁄2 cm of tissue
b. Samples should be no more than 1cm thick
c. Animals <100g may be opened and fixed whole

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11
Q

Toxicology samples should be stored in what?

A
  1. Urine, stomach contents, fat, brain, kidney, liver
  2. Store in aluminum foil inside leak proof bags
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12
Q

Parasitology: external parasites should be preserved in what?

A

Ethanol

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13
Q

Cavitary effusions, culture store in what?

A
  1. Red top/Sterile tube → culture
  2. EDTA → fluid analysis and cytology
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14
Q

Explain how to properly finish a PM

A

Explain how to properly finish a PM.
a. Clean and disinfect work surfaces
b. Decontaminate self
c. Record necropsy findings

d. Package the samples
i. Do NOT freeze formalin
ii. Add padding and avoid glass if possible
e. Shipping the samples
i. Ship in leak-proof, crush-proof, well-labeled containers

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15
Q

Define autolysis

A
  1. Self-digestion or degradation of cells and tissues by host enzymes
  2. Occurs after somatic death due to hypoxia
  3. Tissues affected: Tissues with greater concentration of proteolytic
    enzymes catalyze the quickest
    — Pancreas first!, then GI, gallbladder, intestines, kidneys,
    endocrine
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16
Q

Define Putrefaction

A

Process when post mortem bacteria breaks down tissues
2. Gives color, texture changes, gas production, odors

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17
Q

Rate of decomposition depends on what (3)

A

i. Cause of death
ii. Environmental and body temperature (Refrigerate prolong PM)
iii. Microbial flora

c. Examples
i. Rumen mucosa sloughing

ii. Pulpy kidneys
1. Accelerated renal autolysis associated with Clostridium perfringens type D septicemia (happens post mortem)

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18
Q

What is Rigor mortis?

A
  1. Contraction of the muscles after death
  2. Begins 1-6hrs post death, persists for 1-2 days
  3. High heat and high activity before death increase rigor
  4. Due to depletion of ATP and inability of myosin to detach from the
    actin binding site
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19
Q

What is Algor mortis

A
  1. Cooling of the body post mortem
  2. Depends on the body temperature at the time of death
    a. Brain temperature decreases ~18hrs after death
    b. Other sites (wool, fat)
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20
Q

What is Livor mortis?

A
  1. Gravity pulls the blood post death (blood pooling)
  2. Variation in color of tissues (skin, lung, kidneys)
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21
Q

What is post-mortem blood clotting?

A
  1. Occurs several hours after death in the heart and vessels
  2. Chicken fat clot → due to seperation of RBCs and clotted serum
    a. Proteins that would have been in the serum combine and
    form a jelly-like clot & turns yellowish
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22
Q

What is Antemortem clot

A

Attached to vessel walls
● Dull and dry
● Laminated
● Friable

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23
Q

What is postmortem clot

A

● Unattached
● Shiny and wet
● Elastic
● Fills the lumen of a vessel

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24
Q

What is hemoglobin imbibition?

A
  1. Red staining of tissue (especially the heart, arteries and veins)
  2. Hb is released by lysed RBCs, penetrates the vessel wall, and
    extends into the adjacent tissues
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25
What is Bile imbibition?
1. Green staining due to bile in the gallbladder penetrating the adjacent tissues 2. Tissues Affected = those in contact with the gallbladder (liver, intestines, diaphragm)
26
What occurs to the eye postmortem?
1. Corneal opacity due to dehydration of cornea 2. “Cold cataracts”
27
What is pseudomelanosis?
1. Greenish-black discoloration of tissues PM 2. Decomposition of blood by bacterial action forming hydrogen sulfide with iron 3. Occurs soon after death 4. Tissues affected = tissues in contact with the gut (kidney, liver, spleen, gut wall)
28
What is postmortem bloat?
1. Results from PM bacterial gas formation in the lumen of GI tract 2. Herbivores bloat faster! → more bacteria in diet 3. Associated changes with antemortem (before death) Bloat: a. Rectal/vaginal prolapse b. Froth in trachea c. Ruptured viscera → hemorrhage! d. Bloat line → area of distinction on the esophagus where the blood vessels supplying the pluck are blocked due to bloat of the rumen/ruminal tympany
29
Why is Ingesta in the trachea → Just on top of the trachea, not a real finding!?
Would have inflammation if it was antemortem
30
Explain the difference between a description and a MDx.
a. Description i. Describes what you see ii. Precise word picture iii. Generally the description is not subjective or interpretive b. Morphological Diagnosis i. Interprets the description and makes subjective conclusions
31
WHAT IS PATHOLOGY?
Pathology is the study of disease
32
What does a pathologist (DACVP/PhD) study??? (5)
Etiology Pathogenesis Disease Molecular & morphologic changes Clinical manifestations
33
WHAT IS PATHOLOGY? Etiology define examples
Etiology Ǖ cause of disease ex. viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites
34
WHAT IS PATHOLOGY? Pathogenesis define
Pathogenesis Ǖ the sequence of events that lead to disease
35
WHAT IS PATHOLOGY? Disease define
Disease Ǖ any deviation from the normal structure or function
36
WHAT IS PATHOLOGY? Molecular & morphologic changes define
Molecular & morphologic changes Ǖ biochemical and structural alterations of the cells and organs
37
WHAT IS PATHOLOGY? Clinical manifestations define
Clinical manifestations Ǖ clinical signs that are a result of functional abnormalities of tissue
38
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS TO KNOW Diagnosis (Dx)
Diagnosis (Dx) = concise statement concerning the **nature, cause and name of a disease**
39
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS TO KNOW Disease name
Disease name = encapsulates **host, morphology and cause of the disease** Ex. Bovine viral diarrhea
40
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS TO KNOW Lesion
Lesion = any morphological change in tissues during disease
41
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS TO KNOW Pathognomonic lesion
Pathognomonic lesion = characteristic of a specific disease In other words, you should only see it associated with one disease!! Ex. diamond skin disease in pigs with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Ex. canine herpes virus-1 (CHV-1) causes multifocal hemorrhagic nephritis
42
GENERAL V. SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY General Pathology define what does it apply to
General Pathology: applies to ALL cells, organs and tissues main pathological processes incited by various injurious stimuli
43
GENERAL V. SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY Systemic Pathology define how does it relate to tissues? diseases?
Systemic Pathology system-specific disease processes tissues are unique - therefore, they will have different responses to injury! diseases specific to different systems of the body
44
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Know these 5 and always relate what you learn this semester to the pathological process!! what are the 5?
1. Degeneration & Necrosis 2. Inflammation & Repair 3. Circulatory Disorders 4. Disorders of Growth 5. Deposits & Pigmentations
45
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Know these 5 and always relate what you learn this semester to the pathological process!! what is degeneratation and necrosis
cell injury
46
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Know these 5 and always relate what you learn this semester to the pathological process!! what is inflamation and repair
acute v. chronic/fibrosis
47
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Know these 5 and always relate what you learn this semester to the pathological process!! what is circularoty disorders
congestion, thrombosis, DIC
48
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Know these 5 and always relate what you learn this semester to the pathological process!! what is disorders of growth
neoplasia, developmental amonalies
49
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Know these 5 and always relate what you learn this semester to the pathological process!! what is deposits and pigmentations?
- calcium / melanin / lipofuscin / hemosiderin
50
ETIOLOGIC DX VS. MORPHOLOGIC DX what is Morphologic Diagnosis (MDx)?
Morphologic Diagnosis (MDx): - pathological process - location - **distribution, duration & severity**
51
ETIOLOGIC DX VS. MORPHOLOGIC DX what is Etiologic Diagnosis (Edx)
Etiologic Diagnosis (Edx) - pathological process - location - **cause**
52
what is this an example of? what is the diagnosis?
Example: MDx: Multifocal necro-hemorrhagic nephritis Cause (Etiology): Canine herpesvirus-1 EDx: Herpesviral nephritis Example of a pathognomonic lesion... * MDx: Multifocal necrohemorrhagic nephritis * Cause (Etiology): Canine herpesvirus-1 * EDx: Herpesviral nephritis * Pathogenesis: infection with canine herpesvirus-1 viral replication in endothelial cells endothelial cell injury and inflammatory response multifocal necro-hemorrhagic nephritis * Disease name: Fading puppy syndrome (or Canine Herpes)
53
WHERE TO DO A POST-MORTEM EXAM GOOD IDEAS ? LITERALLY HORRIBLE IDEAS? DISPOSAL OPTIONS?
GOOD IDEAS: - Concrete Ǖ easy to wash - Dirt area in the sun - great disinfectant! LITERALLY HORRIBLE IDEAS: - Areas accessible to animals - High traffic areas - Areas difficult to disinfect DISPOSAL OPTIONS: Burial Ǖ make sure its deep enough! Rendering Transport to disposal site Incineration Composting
54
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR A POST-MORTEM EXAM? what is the minimum biosafety level? why?
PM exam must be performed in a minimum Biosafety Level (BSL) 2 Lab Why? We could be dealing with infectious agents!
55
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR A POST-MORTEM EXAM? Proper PPE, what is it? does it need to be sterile?
Proper PPE: coveralls/scrubs, mask, gloves (sterile not necessary), protective eyewear
56
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR A POST-MORTEM EXAM? what vaccine must all staff have?
Make sure your staff is rabies vaccinated!
57
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR A POST-MORTEM EXAM? PM Equipment, what is it? name
PM Equipment: Knives Ǖ **KEEP THEM SHARP TO AVOID GETTING CUT!** rib cutters saw or axe forceps scissors makes sure to stock up on tubes, swabs, jars and bags for sample collection!
58
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM what do you always do first? why?
ALWAYS start with an external examination Are there any obvious abnormalities? What information are you already able to gather?
59
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Opening of the body cavities how are animals placed?
Most carnivores and ungulates are placed in left lateral recumbency - Dorsal recumbency is used more with marine mammals, birds, reptiles and rodents
60
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Opening of the body cavities what order, what accronym?
Abdominal cavity should be opened first followed by thoracic cavity and the cranium (**Remember: ATC)**
61
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Opening of the body cavities Evaluate Body Condition Score (BCS) explain
Evaluate Body Condition Score (BCS) - look at the subcutaneous and visceral fat stores as well as bone marrow
62
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Opening of the body cavities Remove the "pluck" explain
Remove the "pluck" - heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus and tongue
63
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Opening of the body cavities what order? (4)
Most carnivores and ungulates are placed in left lateral recumbency - Dorsal recumbency is used more with marine mammals, birds, reptiles and rodents Abdominal cavity should be opened first followed by thoracic cavity and the cranium (Remember: ATC) Evaluate Body Condition Score (BCS) - look at the subcutaneous and visceral fat stores as well as bone marrow Remove the "pluck" - heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus and tongue
64
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM After the external exam what do you do second?
2. Opening of the body cavities
65
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM After the externam exam and opening of the body cavities what do you do third?
3. Collect microbiological samples
66
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Collect microbiological samples when do you take them? why?
These should ALWAYS be the **first** sample taken in order to help **maintain sterility**
67
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Collect microbiological samples what should always be collected last? why?
The intestines should be sampled last Ǖ contains lots of contaminants!
68
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM After the external exam opening the body cavities collecting the microbiological samples what is the 4th step?
4. Removal and dissection of organs
69
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Removal and dissection of organs which organs need to be excised? what is the bread loafing technique? why do you do it? lumens?
Removal and dissection of organs Organs with capsules need to be incised (ex. Kidneys) "Bread-loafing" technique to ensure thorough examination of organ Just in case there is a lesion on the far left or only far right. Open thy lumens!!
70
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM After the external exam opening the body cavities collecting the microbiological samples removing and dissecting organs what is the 5th step?
5. Collect histological samples
71
STEPS TO A POST-MORTEM EXAM Collect histological samples how do you preserve parisitoloty samples? what are toxicology samples, how do you store them? should you take normal and abnormal samples? why? what is the 10:1 formalin ratio?
Collect histological samples Parasitology samplesǕ can be preserved in ethanol Toxicology samples Ǖ urine, fat and stomach contents should be stored in aluminum foil inside leak-proof bags Make sure to take both normal and abnormal samples so that the pathologist can compare and contrast! Use a 10:1 Formalin Ratio - Formalin will not penetrate more than 1⁄2 cm of tissue!!!
72
IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING what is the tripple pack system?
Use the Triple Pack System: Leak-proof primary container Leak-proof secondary container Absorbent material - towels, paper, etc.
73
IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING what ice do you use, not use?
Do NOT use wet ice to chill your samples 2 use blue ice!
74
IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING what is the classification of samples for transport?
All samples being transported are Category B Biological Substances (UN 3373)
75
POST-MORTEM DECOMPOSITION Autolysis what is this? which organs autolyze quicker? why?
Autolysis: the self-digestion or degradation of cells/tissues by the hydrolytic enzymes present in the tissue Organs and tissues that contain more enzymes will autolyze quicker **Gallbladder, Pancreas, Intestines, Kidneys & endocrine glands**
76
POST-MORTEM DECOMPOSITION Putrefaction what is this? what characterizes it?
Putrefaction: process of tissue breakdown by post-mortem bacteria Characterized by the production of odors and gases
77
POST-MORTEM DECOMPOSITION What factors can influence the rate of decomposition? (4)
What factors can influence the rate of decomposition? Cause of death Body temperature at time of death Location of death Microbial flora
78
PULPY KIDNEY DISEASE what is it? when does it occur? when is it fatal? what causes it?
Accelerated renal autolysis Seen with **Clostridium perfringens type D** - post-mortem change but associated w/ disease - production of large amounts of enterotoxins leading to enterotoxemia Fatal disease in sheep and cattle - seen when there is a sudden change to a low- fiber, high-carbohydrate diet
79
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES Rigor mortis what is it? what causes it? when does it occur? what can accellerate it?
Rigor mortis: "stiffness of death" Comes from the depletion of ATP - myosin cannot detach from actin binding site and muscles constantly contract High activity and temperature antemortem can accelerate onset, but usually begins 1-6 hours after death
80
BLOOD CLOTS: ARE THEY POST-MORTEM OR ANTEMORTEM? characteristics of post-mortem are?
Post-Mortem Clot: Unattached shiny Wet **elastic** Fills the lumen of a vessel
81
BLOOD CLOTS: ARE THEY POST-MORTEM OR ANTEMORTEM? Ante-Mortem Clot (Thrombus) characteristics of an ante-mortem clot are?
Ante-Mortem Clot (Thrombus): Attached to vessel walls Dry and dull Laminated Friable
82
CHICKEN FAT CLOT why does it have a unique appearance? what is the consistency?
Unique appearance due to **separation of RBCs and clotted serum** Yellow in color and rubbery in consistency
83
HEMOGLOBIN & BILE IMBIBITION Hemoglobin Imbibition what is it? where is it found?
Hemoglobin Imbibition: Red staining of tissue because hemoglobin is released by red blood cells, penetrates vessel wall and extends into the adjacent tissues Found in the **heart and large arteries/veins**
84
HEMOGLOBIN & BILE IMBIBITION Bile Imbibition what is it? where is it found?
Bile Imbibition: Bile in the gallbladder penetrates the walls and **stains adjacent tissues yellow/greenish/brown** Found in the **liver, intestines and diaphragm**
85
BLOAT what is it? why does it occur? who bloats more? herbavores or carnivores? why? what can lead to bloat?
Bacteria form gas post-mortem that accumulates in the lumen of the GI tract **NORMAL **post-mortem change Herbivores will bloat much quicker than carnivores **Why?** higher microbes lead to increased gas What can bloat lead to? Froth in trachea Rectal and/or vaginal prolapse - following normal gas distension of abdominal viscera Ruptured viscera -** how can you differentiate this from an antemortem rupture?**
86
RUMINAL TYMPANY what is it? what causes it? how/where do you identify it? what do you see?
An **ANTEMORTEM change** - accumulation of gas Look for **esophageal bloat line** during necropsy Blood is unable to pass this demarcated line
87
CORNEAL OPACITY what is it? another name? what causes it?
Post-mortem change "Cold cataracts" Comes from the d**ehydration of the cornea** - drying of the exterior surface and absorption of aqueous humor
88
HOW DOES THIS DARK GREENISH- BLACK DISCOLORATION OCCUR POST- MORTEM? WHAT IS IT CALLED?
PSEUDOMELANOSIS
89
PSEUDOMELANOSIS what is it? where is it commonly found? what causes it? when does it occur?
Greenish-black discoloration of tissues post- mortem Commonly **seen in tissues in contact with the intestines:** kidney, liver, spleen, Comes from the **decomposition of blood by bacterial action forming hydrogen sulfide with iron** Occurs soon after death
90
IS THIS A POST-MORTEM CHANGE? what is it?
**Purge Fluid** - reddish fluid coming from the nose **Yes!** Changes in vascular pressures post-mortem allow for leakage
91
IS THIS A POST-MORTEM CHANGE? what it is called?
**Splenomegaly** Ǖ enlargement of the spleen **Yes!** Barbiturates in euthanasia solution may result in this post-mortem change
92
IS THIS A POST-MORTEM CHANGE? what is it called?
Ingesta in the trachea POSSIBLY! When would it be normal? Stomach contents could have just leaked out when moving the body **When is it not normal? If inflammation is present**
93
IS THIS A POST-MORTEM CHANGE? what is it called?
**Intussusception** Ǖ intestines folding in on one another **POSSIBLY!** When is it normal? Ongoing persitalsis after death Ǖ easily pulled apart at necropsy When is it not normal? May have hemorrhage Ǖ not easily pulled apart at necropsy
94
IS THIS A POST-MORTEM CHANGE? whta is it called
Urinary Bladder of a Horse This is calcium carbonate and mucus Ǖ a normal finding in the equine urinary bladder
95
OTHER NORMAL FINDINGS BECAUSE HORSES ARE WEIRD what are they and where are they located?
Spleen Ǖ Capsular Indentation Placenta Ǖ Cervical Star Tongue Ǖ Lingual Hyperkeratosis
96
WHAT SPECIES CAN WE SEE THESE NORMAL FINDINGS???
Rumenoreticular Groove Ǖ Ungulate Papillae Aborted CalfǕ Amniotic Plaques cow
97
WHAT ROLE DO THESE NODULES PLAY IN THE BODY?
Feline Small Intestine Ǖ Peyer's Patches
98
WHAT ARE THESE FINDINGS CALLED AND WHAT SPECIES DO WE FIND THEM IN?
Llamas Ǖ Gastroliths White-Tailed Deer Ǖ Hemal Nodes
99
TELL ME WHAT YOU SEE!!! DESCRIPTION V. INTERPRETATION what is the description? what is the interpretation?
Description: NOT subjective or interpretive What do you see? Create a picture! Ex. "large mass that is encapsulate and full of a thick yellowish fluid" Interpretation: Takes a description and makes an interpretation/conclusion A "best guess" Ex. Abscess
100
FEATURES OF A DESCRIPTION 8 examples
Number- use measurements or approximations size- **size matters!** location- be as specific as you can (ex. renal pelvis) or in comparison to other distribution shape color consistency margins/surface **No SLo DiSCo CoMas**
101
SHAPE raised
Raised: something has been added - neoplastic cells, edema
102
SHAPE depressed
Depressed: something has been lost - necrosis
103
SHAPE Geometric
Geometric: lesion follows vasculature - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae involves infarction
104
SHAPE Straight lines
Straight lines: lesion follows an anatomic structure - blood vessel, nerves, bronchioles
105
DISTRIBUTION Focal
Focal: one isolated lesion Ex. a tumor
106
DISTRIBUTION Multifocal
Multifocal: numerous similar lesions of variable size - coalescing ĺ lesions are coming together Ex. Metastasis of a tumor to the lung creating nodules
107
DISTRIBUTION Miliary
Miliary there are numerous pin- point foci
108
DISTRIBUTION Multifocal coalescing
lesions are coming together
109
DISTRIBUTION Diffuse
Diffuse: throughout a large portion of the effected tissue - evenly spread out
110
DISTRIBUTION Locally extensive
in one area of the tissue (local); symmetrical or asymmetrical *symmetrical indicates systemic/metabolic cause of the lesion
111
Distribution - What can it tell you? Route ofspread Multifocal
embolic/hematogenous route
112
Distribution - What can it tell you? Route ofspread Locally extensive
local introduction via penetrating wound or anatomic pathway
113
Distribution - What can it tell you? Symmetrical
indicates systemic/metabolic cause of the lesion
114
COLOR red? yellow? green? white? black?
Be descriptive!! use modifiers "light"/"dark" Red - hemorrhage, congestion Yellow fat, bilirubin, leukocytes Green - bile pigment, eosinophil infiltration, mycotic infections White - calcium, necrosis, leukocytes, calcium, urates Black fluke pigment and melanin
115
CONSISTENCY Is it wet or dry? Hard or soft? Gelatinous or viscous? examples
Is it wet or dry? Hard or soft? Gelatinous or viscous? Ǜ&DQVSUHDGZLWKDNQLIHǜ necrosis and exudate Ǜ&DQQRWVSUHDGLWZLWKDNQLIHǜ viable tissue and cells Hard = bone Gritty = mineral
116
MARGINS Well-Demarcated vs Poorly-Demarcated explain
Well-Demarcated: loods different than the normal tissue benign tumor or infarct Poorly-Demarcated: Very similar to adjacent tissue Process is more gradual, poorly contained Characteristic of malignant tumors
117
Morphologic Diagnosis: Cause/Etiology Disease name:
Morphologic Diagnosis: Heart – pericarditis, fibrinosuppurative, diffuse, chronic,severe Cause/Etiology – bacterial introduction from the reticulum Disease name: Hardware disease
118
MDx: EtDx:
MDx: Heart – Valvular endocarditis, locally extensive, chronic,severe EtDx: Bacterial endocarditis
119
MDx: EtDx: Disease name:
MDx: Kidney – Nephritis, chronic, multifocal, severe EtDx: Coronaviral nephritis Disease name: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
120
MDx: EtDx: Disease name: Etiology:
MDx: Liver – hepatic necrosis, focal,subacute, severe EtDx: Clostridial hepatic necrosis Disease name: Black disease or Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis Etiology: Clostridium novyii
Pathology 1 RUSVM
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