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Book3 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three bones of the middle ear called?

A

The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.

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2
Q

What is the Rinne test used for?

A

To compare air conduction and bone conduction hearing

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3
Q

What is ear irrigation used for?

A

To flush the ear with fluids (water or prescribed medications) to remove earwax, debris, or foreign material

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4
Q

What are the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes collectively called?

A

The auditory ossicles

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5
Q

What is the function of the Semicircular Canals?

A

Help maintain balance and detect head movement

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6
Q

What is a tonometer used for?

A

Measures intraocular pressure.(eye pressure)

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7
Q

What is the Snellen chart used for?

A

Measuring distance visual acuity (how well a patient can see at 20 feet).

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8
Q

How is visual acuity recorded?

A

Using a fraction such as 20/20 or 20/40.

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9
Q

What is otitis?

A

Inflammation or infection of the ear.

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10
Q

What are the two main types of otitis?

A

Otitis externa and otitis media.

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11
Q

What is an otoscope used for?

A

To examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane.

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12
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea, often due to infection or trauma.

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13
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infection, irritation, or allergies.

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14
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margins.

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15
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss.

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16
Q

What is an ophthalmoscope used for?

A

To examine the interior of the eye and detect general or systemic disorders.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of visual inspection of the eyelids?

A

To check for edema, drooping (ptosis), or other abnormalities

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18
Q

What is the pinna?

A

The visible external part of the ear that helps collect sound.

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19
Q

What two structures form the outer ear?

A

The auricle (pinna) and the external auditory canal.

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20
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal.

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21
Q

What is the external auditory canal?

A

The tube that carries sound waves from the auricle to the eardrum.

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22
Q

The external auditory canal leads to what structure?

A

The Tympanic Membrane.(eardrum)

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23
Q

What is another name for the tympanic membrane?

A

The eardrum.

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24
Q

What do ceruminous glands produce?

A

Cerumen (earwax).

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25
What separates the external ear from the middle ear?
The Tympanic membrane (eardrum).
26
What is the function of the auditory ossicles?
Transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
27
What tube connects the middle ear to the throat?
The eustachian tube.
28
What is the function of the eustachian tube?
Equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment.
29
What three structures make up the inner ear?
Cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule.
30
What is hearing loss?
Reduced ability to hear; it may be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed.
31
What is impacted cerumen?
Earwax buildup that can block the ear canal and reduce hearing.
32
What is Ménière disease?
An inner ear disorder that causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
33
What is strep throat?
Throat infection caused by streptococcal bacteria
34
What can excessive cerumen cause?
Ear fullness, pain, tinnitus, and conductive hearing loss.
35
What is a tympanogram?
A test that measures movement of the eardrum to check for middle-ear problems.
36
What is the Weber test used for?
To compare hearing between the two ears.
37
What is an audiometric test?
A test that measures the faintest sounds a person can hear.
38
What is the function of the lacrimal gland?
Produces tears to lubricate and protect the eye.
39
What is myopia (nearsightedness)?
Light focuses in front of the retina, so distant objects appear blurry.
40
What structure inside the cochlea contains the sensory hair cells for hearing?
The organ of Corti.
41
What is a hordeolum (stye)?
A localized infection of a gland in the eyelid.
42
What is the function of the eyelids?
Protect the eyes from injury and irritation.
43
What is the conjunctiva?
A mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye.
44
What is the function of the conjunctiva?
Keeps the eye moist by secreting mucus.
45
What are the two parts of the outer layer of the eye?
The sclera and cornea.
46
What is the function of the sclera?
The tough white outer layer that protects the eyeball.
47
What is the function of the cornea?
Allows light to enter the eye and helps refract it.
48
What is the function of the iris?
Controls pupil size to regulate how much light enters the eye.
49
What does the ciliary body do?
Changes the shape of the lens for focusing.
50
What is the function of the lens?
Focuses light onto the retina.
51
What is the function of aqueous humor?
Maintains intraocular pressure and nourishes the cornea and lens.
52
What is hyperopia (farsightedness)?
Light focuses behind the retina, so close objects are harder to see.
53
What is presbyopia?
Age-related loss of lens flexibility that makes near vision harder.
54
What is astigmatism?
Blurred vision caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.
55
What is a chalazion?
A cyst caused by blockage of a meibomian gland in the eyelid.
56
What is a corneal abrasion?
A scratch or injury to the cornea.
57
What is a cataract?
Clouding of the lens that impairs vision.
58
What is macular degeneration?
Degeneration of the macula that causes loss of central vision.
59
What is a slit lamp used for?
Viewing fine details in the front of the eye.
60
What is fluorescein staining used for?
Identifying corneal abrasions.
61
What is the Ishihara test used for?
Detecting color-vision defects.
62
What is eye irrigation used for?
Flushing the eye to remove irritants, chemicals, or foreign material.
63
What are ophthalmic medications used for?
To treat infection, relieve irritation, anesthetize the eye, or dilate the pupil.
64
What is the pupil?
The opening in the center of the iris that regulates how much light enters the eye.
65
What is the function of the cochlea?
Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
66
What is the function of the retina?
Contains rods and cones that detect light and send signals to the brain.
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