digestion system

Question 1

What are the three main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Question 2

What structures make up the upper GI tract?

Answer 2

Mouth, esophagus, and stomach.

Question 3

What structures make up the lower GI tract?

Answer 3

Small intestine and large intestine.

Question 4

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 4

In the mouth.

Question 5

What is the main function of the esophagus?

Answer 5

To move food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 6

What process moves food through the esophagus?

Answer 6

Peristalsis.

Question 7

What is a bolus?

Answer 7

A mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.

Question 8

What is chyme?

Answer 8

Partially digested food mixed with gastric juices in the stomach.

Question 9

What is the main function of the stomach?

Answer 9

Partial digestion of food.

Question 10

What sphincter connects the stomach to the small intestine?

Answer 10

Pyloric sphincter.

Question 11

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 11

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Question 12

Where does most nutrient absorption occur?

Answer 12

Small intestine.

Question 13

What structures increase absorption in the small intestine?

Answer 13

Villi.

Question 14

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 14

Absorption of fluids and electrolytes.

Question 15

Where are feces stored before elimination?

Answer 15

Rectum.

Question 16

What does hematemesis mean?

Answer 16

Vomiting blood.

Question 17

What does melena mean?

Answer 17

Black, tarry stool caused by GI bleeding.

Question 18

What is steatorrhea?

Answer 18

Fatty, foul‑smelling stool.

Question 19

What are common GI complaints?

Answer 19

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

Question 20

What is fecal impaction?

Answer 20

Severe constipation where stool becomes stuck in the rectum.

Question 21

What is GERD?

Answer 21

Reflux of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.

Question 22

What symptom commonly indicates GERD?

Answer 22

Frequent heartburn.

Question 23

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 23

When part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm.

Question 24

What causes peptic ulcers?

Answer 24

Breakdown of the stomach or duodenal mucosal lining.

Question 25

What symptom is common with peptic ulcers?

Answer 25

Burning epigastric pain.

Question 26

What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer 26

A disorder causing recurrent abdominal discomfort and changes in bowel habits.

Question 27

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 27

Chronic liver disease where scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue.

Question 28

What are common causes of cirrhosis?

Answer 28

Chronic alcohol use and hepatitis.

Question 29

What is hepatitis?

Answer 29

Inflammation of the liver.

Question 30

How is hepatitis A usually transmitted?

Answer 30

Fecal‑oral route.

Question 31

How are hepatitis B and C transmitted?

Answer 31

Through blood and body fluids.

Question 32

What vaccine protects healthcare workers from hepatitis B?

Answer 32

HBV vaccine.

Question 33

What is cholelithiasis?

Answer 33

Formation of gallstones.

Question 34

What symptom often occurs with gallstones?

Answer 34

Right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

Question 35

What surgery removes the gallbladder?

Answer 35

Cholecystectomy.

Question 36

What does a CT scan detect in GI disorders?

Answer 36

Tumors, stones, and cysts.

Question 37

What are barium studies used to examine?

Answer 37

Structure of the GI tract.

Question 38

Name two common barium tests.

Answer 38

Barium swallow and barium enema.

Question 39

What imaging test uses sound waves to view organs?

Answer 39

Ultrasound.

Question 40

What does a HIDA scan evaluate?

Answer 40

Gallbladder function and bile duct obstruction.

Question 41

What is endoscopy?

Answer 41

Fiber‑optic examination of the esophagus and upper GI tract.

Question 42

What does colonoscopy examine?

Answer 42

The large intestine.

Question 43

What does sigmoidoscopy examine?

Answer 43

The sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Question 44

What should an MA document when a patient reports abdominal pain?

Answer 44

Type, location, and duration of pain.

Question 45

Why is documenting pain location important?

Answer 45

It helps the provider assess the correct abdominal region.

Question 46

What infection control steps should an MA follow during GI procedures?

Answer 46

Sanitize hands, equipment, and work area.

Question 47

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 47

Eating disorder characterized by self‑starvation and excessive weight loss.

Question 48

What is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 48

Eating disorder involving cycles of bingeing and purging.

Question 49

What is binge‑eating disorder?

Answer 49

Recurrent episodes of excessive eating without purging.

Question 50

What treatments help eating disorders?

Answer 50

Psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, and medication.

Question 51

What is bariatric surgery used for?

Answer 51

Weight loss in severely obese patients.

Question 52

Who qualifies for bariatric surgery?

Answer 52

Patients with BMI ≥40 or BMI ≥35 with obesity‑related disease.

Question 53

What is gastroplasty?

Answer 53

Surgery that reduces stomach size to limit food intake.

Question 54

What is Roux‑en‑Y gastric bypass?

Answer 54

Surgery that bypasses part of the small intestine to reduce absorption.

Question 55

Why must gastric bypass patients take supplements?

Answer 55

Because nutrient absorption is reduced.

Question 56

What organ stores bile?

Answer 56

Gallbladder.

Question 57

What organ produces bile?

Answer 57

Liver.

Question 58

Which GI organ completes most digestion?

Answer 58

Small intestine.

Question 59

Which GI organ mainly absorbs water?

Answer 59

Large intestine.

Question 60

What does peristalsis describe?

Answer 60

Wave‑like muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract.