Brain Development

Question 1

How much brain growth is a baby born with?

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

By age 2, what is the brain growth?

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

Neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Chemical substances that communicate through a neuron

Question 4

Neural Circuits

Answer 4

• Cluster of neurons working together to handle particular types of information

Question 5

Myelination

Answer 5

• Infancy to adolescence in some areas in the brain until young adults
• layer of fatty, waxy cells
• On going pattern
• Growth patterns

Question 6

Adolescent brain development

Answer 6

• Myelination of speech; motor centers

* development in pre-frontal cortex (moral judgment, reasoning)

Question 7

Brain structure

Answer 7

• 2 hemispheres
• Forebrain
• Cerebral cortex
• Corpus collosum
• Temporal lobe
• Frontal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Parietal lobe

Question 8

Cerebral cortex

Answer 8

• layers of cells
• thinking
• language
• perception

Question 9

Corpus collosum

Answer 9

• Connects left & right hemisphere

Question 10

Temporal lobe

Answer 10

• hearing
• language
• visual
• some emotion

Question 11

Frontal lobe (executive functioning)

Answer 11

• decision making skills
• higher order thinking
• plan, organize
• execute
• working memory
• language
• movement
• self-control

Question 12

Occipital lobe

Answer 12

• visual

Question 13

Parietal lobe

Answer 13

• spatial
• attention
• motor skills

Question 14

Lateralization

Answer 14

• perceived specialties in right or left hemisphere
• left: speech, grammar
• right: humor, metaphor

Question 15

Complex thinking happens with…

Answer 15

communication btwn. left & right hemisphere

Question 16

Brain development in infancy

Answer 16

• born with 25% of brain growth
• a lot of fluid
• baby’s head should be protected

Question 17

Shaken baby syndrome

Answer 17

• swelling & obstruction of the brain

* risk of death from brain injury

Question 18

How do we get info of the brain?

Answer 18

• PET (Positron emission tomography)
• FMRI (functional magnetic response imagery)
• DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)

Question 19

Child brain dev. (3-6 yrs old)

Answer 19

• rapid growth in frontal lobe

Question 20

Child brain dev. (6-puberty)

Answer 20

• dramatic growth in temporal & parietal lobe

Question 21

Brain plasticity

Answer 21

• brain is malleable

* brain responds to env. info

Question 22

What happens in a deprived in env?

Answer 22

• depressed brain activity
• Roseinzweig & collegues: (results) rats in enriched (given toys, interactive) env. had cortex that were 4% larger than impoverished (isolated) env. rats

Question 23

Dopamine

Answer 23

• Neurotransmitter
• Reward (to see & take action to move towards them) & pleasure system
• Regulates movement & emotional responses
• Dopamine deficiency: Parkinson’s disease, more susceptible to addiction

Question 24

What is the average connection a neuron has?

Answer 24

3,000 connections