Movement & Motor Development

Question 1

Newborn reflexes are..

Answer 1

• natural
• needed for survival
• Rooting Reflex
• Palmar
• Stepping
• Babinski
• Moro

Question 2

Rooting Reflex

Answer 2

• turns towards what is touching the face
• needed to eat, e.g breast feeding
• gone at about 4 months

Question 3

Palmar Reflex

Answer 3

• Grasping response to pressure
• What we think is holding our hands
• gone at about 6 months.

Question 4

Stepping Reflex

Answer 4

• Mimics motion of walking

* gone at about 3 months

Question 5

Babinski Reflex

Answer 5

• Stroke bottom of foot & toes will curl

* gone at about 4 months

Question 6

Moro Reflex

Answer 6

• slightly drop of the head, react with startled look, arms & legs out trying to grasp
• gone at about 3 months

Question 7

Influences in motor development

Answer 7

• Cepaolcaudal
• Proximodistal
• Cultural influences

Question 8

Cephalocaudal Direction (top-down)

Answer 8

• hold head up
• roll over
• sit up
• crawling position
• crawling
• pulling up
• cruising walking

Question 9

Proximidistal Direction

Answer 9

• control of arms
• palmar grasp
• pincer grasp
• tripod grasp (pencil grip)

Question 10

Theories of motor development

Answer 10

• Maturation
• Experiential
• Interactionist Perspective

Question 11

Maturation Theory

Answer 11

• Sequential

* Regardless of culture

Question 12

Experiential Theory

Answer 12

• Through learning experience
• Maturation is sufficient, BUT not enough
• Dennis, 1960 study results: bc of little stimulation did not develop to the rate of a child that was being stimulated

Question 13

Interactionist Perspective

Answer 13

•Esther Thelen
•Motor skills developed through infants effort (have to be active)
• Effortful
• Motivated (want to do what they see)
• Visual Orientation
1. Exploring
2. Selection

Question 14

Visual Orientation

Answer 14

1. Exploring (seeing diff. methods)

2. Selection (select helpful method)

Question 15

Gross motor (large)

Answer 15

• large muscle movement

* arms, legs

Question 16

Fine motor (small)

Answer 16

• Small movements
• movements with hands & fingers
• e.g: drawing, writing, eating

Question 17

Sensation

Answer 17

• 5 senses

Question 18

Perception

Answer 18

•interpretation of input (form 5 senses)

Question 19

Visual at birth

Answer 19

• blurry

* detects if lines are straight or curved

Question 20

Visual at 2-4 months

Answer 20

• Can detect faces
• have preferences for faces over other things
• Preference for mothers face

Question 21

Visual at 4 months

Answer 21

• 20/20 vision
• able to detect color
• preference for primary colors

Question 22

Touch

Answer 22

• Responsive to touch at birth

* preference for soft touch

Question 23

Smell

Answer 23

• Responsive at birth
• Can detect what smells good & bad
• preference to mothers smell after 1 wk.

Question 24

Taste

Answer 24

• Present at birth

* Preference for sweets

Question 25

Hearing

Answer 25

* Before birth, 24 wks of gestation * preference for mothers voice at birth * preference for music, rythms

Question 26

Depth Perception; Visual Cliff Study (Gibson & Walk 1960)

Answer 26

* suggests baby is cautious of birth * fear dev. (@ 7 months) * Social referencing