Ch. 1

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Conscious sensory experience

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

Simple process of first sensing something

Question 3

7 Steps of Percetion

Answer 3

Distal Stimuli
Proximal Stimuli
Receptor Process
Neural Processing
Conscious Experience
Recognition
Action

Question 4

Step 1: Distal Stimuli

Answer 4

The object itself existing

Question 5

Step 2: Proximal Stimuli

Answer 5

Representation of stimuli on sensory receptors. Image on retina.

Question 6

Principle of Transformation

Answer 6

Stimuli (and responses created by stimuli) are transformed, or changed, between the distal stimulus and perception.

Question 7

Principle of Representation

Answer 7

Perception is based on representations of stimuli formed on the receptors and the resulting activity in the person’s nervous system.

Question 8

Step3: Receptor Processes

Answer 8

Receptors are activated, results in electrical representations.

Question 9

Transduction

Answer 9

Changes environmental energy to nerve impulses.

Question 10

Step 4: Neural Processing

Answer 10

Transmission from receptors to the brain (through nerves)
Processing or modification of signals (categorizing)

Question 11

Knowledge

Answer 11

Any information the perceiver brings to a situation. Influences our ability to categorize things.

Question 12

Bottom-Up

Answer 12

Based on incoming stimulus (data-based processing)

Question 13

Top-Down

Answer 13

Based on previous knowledge (knowledge-based processing)

Question 14

What we study in Perceptual Process

Answer 14

Stimulus, Physiology, Behaviour

Question 15

Stimulus-Perception Relationship (A)

Answer 15

Relate stimulus to behaviour.

Question 16

Psychophysics

Answer 16

measures the relationship between the physical and the physiological

Question 17

Oblique effect

Answer 17

People see vertical or horizontal lines better than lines oriented obliquely (any other angle)

Question 18

Grating Acuity

Answer 18

Measure the smallest width of lines that participants can detect

Question 19

Stimulus-Physiology (B)

Answer 19

Stimulus to physiological response. Measure brain activity

Question 20

Physiology-Behaviour (C)

Answer 20

physio to biological response, sense organ to the brain.

Question 21

Absolute Threshold

Answer 21

The smallest stimulus level that can just detected.

Question 22

Thresholds

Answer 22

Measure the limits of sensory systems.

Question 23

Psychophysics Methods

Answer 23

Method of Limits, Method of Constant Stimuli, Method of Adjustment, Just Noticeable Difference

Question 24

Method of Limits

Answer 24

Stimuli of different intensities presented in ascending and descending order.

Question 25

Method of Constant Stimuli

Answer 25

Different stimulus intensities are presented one at a time, and the P must respond whether they perceive it on each trial.

Question 26

Method of Adjustment

Answer 26

P adjusts the stimulus intensity continuously until they can just barely detect the stimulus.

Question 27

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

Answer 27

The smallest difference in the amount of stimulation that a specific sense can detect.

Question 28

What is used for Perceptual Magnitude of Stimulus?

Answer 28

Magnitude Estimation

Question 29

What is used for the Identity of the Stimulus?

Answer 29

Recognition Testing

Question 30

What is used for How Quickly Can I React to it?

Answer 30

Reaction Time

Question 31

What is used for How Can I Describe What is Out There?

Answer 31

Phenomenological Report

Question 32

What is used for How can I Interact with It?

Answer 32

Physical Tasks and Judgements