Ch. 10

Question 1

Perceiving Depth

Answer 1

Perception of three-dimensional environment based on two-dimensional image on retina

Question 2

Cue Approach to Depth Perception

Answer 2

Focuses on information in the retinal image that is correlated with depth in the scene.
Connection between the cue and depth learned through experience

Question 3

Oculomoter Cues

Answer 3

Based on sensing position of the eyes and muscle tension

Question 4

Convergence

Answer 4

Inward movement of the eyes when we focus on nearby objects

Question 5

Accommodation

Answer 5

The shape of the lens changes when we focus on objects at different distances

Question 6

Monocular Cues

Answer 6

Cues based on the visual information available within one eye

Question 7

Pictorial Cues

Answer 7

Sources of depth information that come from 2-D images

Question 8

Occulsion

Answer 8

When one object partially covers another

Question 9

Relative Height

Answer 9

Objects below the horizon that are higher in the field of vision are more distant. Lower = more distant

Question 10

Familiar Size

Answer 10

Distance information is based on our knowledge of object size.

Question 11

Perspective Convergence

Answer 11

Parallel lines appear to come together in the distance

Question 12

Atmospheric Perspective

Answer 12

Distance objects are fuzzy and have a blue tint

Question 13

Texture Gradient

Answer 13

Equally spaced elements are more closely packed as distance increases

Question 14

Shadow

Answer 14

Indicate where objects are located

Question 15

Motion Parallax

Answer 15

Close objects in direction of movement glide rapidly past, but objects in the distance appear to move slowly.

Question 16

Deletion & Accretion

Answer 16

Objects are covered or uncovered as we move relative to them.
Deletion: covering an object

Question 17

Stereoscopic Depth Perception

Answer 17

Depth perception created by input from both eyes

Question 18

Binocular Disparity

Answer 18

Difference in he images on the left and right retinas

Question 19

Corresponding Retinal Points

Answer 19

Points on the retina that would overlap if the eyes were superimposed on each other.

Question 20

Horopter

Answer 20

Imaginary sphere that passes through the point of focus, no disparity.

Question 21

Non-Corresponding Points

Answer 21

Objects that do not fall on the horopter

Question 22

Absolute Disparity

Answer 22

Angle between points of non-corresponding points
Indicates how far an object is from the horopter

Question 23

Crossed Disparity

Answer 23

Pattern of disparity where the left eyes sees and object to the right of the observer’s fixation points and the right eye sees the same object to the left of the fixation.

You have to go crossed eyed to see it

Question 24

Uncrossed Disparity

Answer 24

Left sees left, right sees right.

Question 25

Relative Disparity

Answer 25

Differences between the absolute disparity of two objects

Question 26

Stereopsis

Answer 26

Depth information provided by binocular disparity

Question 27

Stereoscope

Answer 27

Use two pictures from slightly different viewpoints

Question 28

The Correspondence Problem

Answer 28

How does the visual system match from the two eyes?

Question 29

Frontal Eyes

Answer 29

Results in overlapping fields of view, can use disparity to perceive depth

Question 30

Lateral Eyes

Answer 30

Much less overlap, therefore can use disparity only in the small area of overlap to perceive depth

Question 31

Echolocation

Answer 31

Is done by the part of the brain involved in vision. Emit a sound and it bounces back to sense depth

Question 32

Visual Angle

Answer 32

Angle of an object relative to the observer's eye

Question 33

Size-Distance Scaling Equation

Answer 33

S = K(R x D) The change in object distance and retinal image size balance each other out.

Question 34

Emmert's Law

Answer 34

Retinal size of an afterimage remains constant

Question 35

Muller-Lyer Illusion

Answer 35

Lines with inward fins appear shorter than straight lines with outward fins.

Question 36

Ponzo Illusion

Answer 36

Horizontal rectangular objects are placed over railroad tracks, the far one looks larger than close one.

Question 37

The Ames Room

Answer 37

People are equal size but appear very different in this room.

Question 38

The Moon illusion

Answer 38

The moon appears larger on the horizon than when it is higher in the sky.