Ch. 4

Question 1

Optic Chiasm

Answer 1

Where the signals from both eyes leave and cross over

Question 2

Optic Nerve

Answer 2

The groups of ganglion cells that combines at the optic chiasm

Question 3

Right Visual Field

Answer 3

Ends up on the left side of the brain

Question 4

Left Visual Field

Answer 4

Ends up on the right side of the brain

Question 5

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

Answer 5

Where the optic chiasm synapses to the brain
In the thalamus
Have 6 layers of ganglion cells

Question 6

What are the two types of layers in the LGN

Answer 6

4 Parvocellular
2 Magnocellular

Question 7

Parvocellular Layers

Answer 7

Send information to the ventral primary visual cortex

Question 8

Magnocellular Layers

Answer 8

Sends information to the dorsal primary visual cortex

Question 9

Superior Colliculus

Answer 9

Structure involved in controlling eye movement

Question 10

Occipital Lobe/Visual Cortex/Striate Cortex

Answer 10

The main visual region of the brain

Question 11

Visual Receiving Area

Answer 11

First arrival of signals from retina and LGN

Question 12

Visual Cortex Neuron Receptive Fields

Answer 12

The information stays organized from the original receptive fields

Question 13

Ganglion Cells

Answer 13

Center-surround receptive fields
Responds to small spots, but will also respond to other stimuli

Question 14

Lateral Geniculate Cells

Answer 14

Center-surround receptive fields very similar to ganglion
More general stimuli

Question 15

Simple Cortical Cells

Answer 15

For perception of orientation

Question 16

Complex Cortical Cells

Answer 16

Respond best to movement of a correctly oriented bar across the receptive field

Question 17

End-Stopped Cortical Cells

Answer 17

Respond to corners, angles, or bars of a particular length moving in a particular direction

Question 18

Selective Adaptation

Answer 18

Neurons tuned to specific stimuli fatigue when exposure is too long
Decrease firing when stimulus is immediately presented again

Question 19

Selective Rearing

Answer 19

Animals reared in environments that contain only certain types of stimuli

Question 20

Retinotopic Map

Answer 20

An electronic map of the retina on the cortex

Question 21

Cortical Magnification

Answer 21

Small area of fovea is represented by large area on visual cortex
0.01% - 8-10%

Question 22

Location Columns

Answer 22

Receptive fields at the same location on the retina are within a column in the cortex

Question 23

Orientation Columns

Answer 23

Column dedicated to one category of line orientation

Question 24

Hypercolumns

Answer 24

Location columns with all oriention columns at one location on the retina

Question 25

Ocular Dominance Columns

Answer 25

Neurons in cortex respond preferentially to one eye. More columns dedicated to favored eye.

Question 26

Tiling

Answer 26

Columns receiving information about one area cover the entire visual fields Sewing together all processed information.

Question 27

The Extrastriate Cortex

Answer 27

Where the signal goes after the striate cortex (V2,3,4,5)

Question 28

WHAT Pathway

Answer 28

Ventral Pathway Bottom of the brain Chunk of Temporal Lobe

Question 29

WHERE/HOW Pathway

Answer 29

Dorsal Pathway Top of Brain Chunk of Parietal Lobe

Question 30

Lesioning

Answer 30

Kill cells

Question 31

Ablation

Answer 31

Remove cells

Question 32

Double Dissociations

Answer 32

Two functions that involve different mechanisms and operate independently

Question 33

Inferotemporal (IT) Cortex

Answer 33

IT neurons respond to more complex objects that occupy a larger portion of the visual field. Fire more for faces

Question 34

Median Temporal Lobe (MTL)

Answer 34

Includes parahippocampal cortex, the entorhinal, and hippocampus. Important for memory

Question 35

Stimulus needs to be more specific ___-

Answer 35

The higher up it is processed.