Psych 1160 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

(76 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of how behaviour and mental processes change over the lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Post Hoc Fallocy

A

The mistake of assuming that because A comes before B, A must cause B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bidirectional

A

Children’s experiences influence their development, but their development also influences their experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cross-sectional Design

A

A design in which researchers examine people of different ages at a single point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cohort Effects

A

Effects due to the fact that sets of people who lived during one time period, called cohorts, can differ systematic way from sets of people who lived during a different time period (ex. technology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Longitudinal Design

A

Psychologists track the development of the same group of subjects over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Developmental Effects

A

Changes over time within individuals as a consequence of growing older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the downsides to longitudinal designs

A

Costly, attrition (people dropping out over time), and time consuming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Infant Determinism

A

The widespread assumption that extremely early experiences - especially first three years of life - are almost more influential than later experiences in shaping us as adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Childhood Fragility

A

A myth which holds that children are delicate little creatures who are easily damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nature via Nurture

A

Children with certain genetic predispositions often seek out and create their own environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gene-environment interaction

A

Children will low MAO and history of maltreatment where at heightened risk for antisocial behaviours, like stealing, rape, and assault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prenatal

A

(Prior to birth) period of development, the human body acquires its basic form and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Zygote

A

Produced when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blastocyst

A

A ball of identical cells that haven’t yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Embryo

A

Produces when different cells start to assume different functions and the blastocyst becomes embryos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Proliferation

A

A process that occurs between the 18th day of pregnancy and the end of the 6th month, neurons begin developing at an astronomical rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tetrogens

A

Environmental factors that can exert a negative impact on prenatal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three things that will impact a normal fetal development

A
  1. Environmental factors (ex. tetrogens). 2. Biological influences resulting from genetic disorders or cells division complication. 3. Premature birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the viability point and when does it start?

A

The point in pregnancy when fetuses can typically survive on their own. Starts around 25 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Motor behaviours

A

Bodily motions that occur as a result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adolescence

A

The transitional period between childhood and adulthood commonly associated with the teenage years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Puberty (sexual maturation)

A

The attainment of physical potential for reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics?

A

Reproductive organs and genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are secondary sex characteristics?
Sex-differentiating characteristics that don't relate directly to reproduction. ex. bigger boobs, deeper voice
26
Menarche
Onset of menstruation, it is the body's insurance plan against allowing females to become pregnant before their bodies can carry an infant to term and give birth safely
27
Spermarche
First ejaculation - men do not need to be ready to give birth before their first one
28
Menopause and its effects
The termination of menstruation: hot flashes, mood swings, sleep disruption, loss of sexual drive
29
Cognitive Development
How we acquire the ability to learn, think, communicate, and remember over time
30
Assimilation
The process of absorbing new experience into current schemas. When the new experiences no longer fit into their schemas, they are forced in accomodation
31
Accomodation
The altering of a schema to make it more compatible with experience
32
Sensorimotor
(From birth to 2) No thought beyond the immediate physical experiences
33
Object Permanence
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view
34
Pre-operational Stage
(From 2 - 7) Able to think beyond the here and now, but egocentric and unable to perform mental transformations
35
Concrete Operations and give an example about the vase
(7 - 11) Able to preform mental transformations but only on concrete physical objects (ex. they can generate a mental image of a vase on the table but not what would happen if someone knocked in down)
36
Formal Operations
(11+) Able to perform hypothetical and abstract reasoning
37
Jean Piaget and his Conservation experiment
He would ask children to determine whether a certain amount will be conserved "stay the same" following a physical transformation (ex. the tall and short glass, coins in a different order)
38
What was wrong with Piaget's 4 Stages of Development
1. Development is more continuous than stage-like 2. His tasks were too demanding 3. He tested children with a formal education
39
Scaffoling
Parents and other caretakers tend to structure the learning environment for children in ways that guide them to behave as if they've learned something before they have
40
Zone of proximal development
The phase when children are receptive to learning a new skill but aren't successful at it
41
The Mozart effect
The supposed enhancement in intelligence after listening to classical music
42
Theory of Mind
Refers to the children's ability to reason about what other people believe aka how we think about the world around us
43
False-belief task (explain using the video of the mom who moved the treat in the book and the child reading knows where the treat is)
If a child fails this task, they will think that the child in the story knows where the moved treat it
44
Personal Fable
Teenagers feelings of profound uniqueness and of living out of a story that others are watching
45
Stranger anxiety phenomenon
When an infant is super giggly and friendly with strangers when little might scream at that person a few months later
46
What are the three kinds of temperament in a baby?
1. Easy - adaptable and relaxed 2. Difficult - Fussy and easily frustrated 3. Slow-to-warm-up - gradually get used to new stimuli
47
Behavioural inhibition
When a child becomes frightened at the sight of a novel or unexpected stimuli (ex. loud tones, new faces)
48
Attachment
When you form an emotional bond
49
Imprinting (ex goose)
The goose will follow the first moving thing that they see, humans will imprint onto those who take care of them
50
Contact Comfort
The positive emotions afforded by touch
51
Secure attachment (Mom returns to infant experiment)
Child becomes upset, but greets their return with joy
52
Insecure-avoidance attachment (Mom returns to infant experiment)
Child is indifferent on departure and return
53
Insecure-anxious attachment (Mom returns to infant experiment)
Child panics when parent leaves and shows mixed emotions when they return
54
Disorganized attachment (Mom returns to infant experiment)
Child is confused and dazed
55
Mono-operation bias
The mistake of relying on only a single measure to draw conclusions
56
Average expectable environment
An environment that provides children with basic needs for affection and appropriate discipline
57
Group socialization theory
Development is "horizontal" meaning from kid to kid rather than "vertical" from parent to kid
58
Sex
refers to individual's biological status (male or female)
59
Gender
Refers to psychological characteristics - behaviours, thoughts, and emotions - that society associates them with
60
Gender Identity
People's sense of being male or female
61
Gender role
behaviours that tend to accompany being a man or women
62
Identity
Our sense of who we are, as well as our life goals and priorities
63
Psychosocial crisis
a dilemma concerning our relations to other people, be they parents, friends, teachers, or society at large
64
Emerging adulthood
between 18 and 25 during which many aspects of emotional development, identity, and personality become solidified
65
Objective responsibility
evaluating people by how much harm they've done
66
Subjective responsibility
evaluating people by their intentions to do harm
67
Pre-conventional morality (stealing drug ex)
Marked by a focus on punishment and reward (What's right is what we're rewarded for and what's wrong is what we're punished for
68
Conventional morality
Marked by a focus on societal values (what's right is what society approves of)
69
Post-conventional morality
Marked by a focus on internal moral principles that transcend society (what's right is what accords with fundamental human rights and values
70
5 criticisms on Kohlberg's research
1. Cultural bias 2. Sex bias 3. Low correlation with moral behaviour 4. Confound with verbal intelligence 5. Causal direction
71
Midlife crisis
Emotional distress about the aging process and an attempt to regain their youth
72
Empty-nest syndrome
A supposed period of depression in mothers following the flight of their children from home as they reach adulthood
73
Biological age
The estimate of a person's age in terms of biological functions
74
Psychological age
A person's mental attitudes and agility, and the capacity to deal with the stresses of an ever-changing environment
75
Functional age
A person's ability to function in given roles in society
76
Social age
Whether people behave in accord with the social behaviours appropriate for their age
Psych 1160
flashcards
Decks in class (12)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions