Chapter 25

Question 1

evolution that produces species

Answer 1

macroevolution

Question 2

biological species concept:

• based on ___
• populations of a species can ___ or are ___
• members of a species are ___ from other species
• this species concept hold up well for animals, not so well for many plants or bacteria

Answer 2

• reproductive isolation
• interbreed, interbreeding
• reproductively isolated

Question 3

• based on anatomical differences between species
• similar to phylogenetic species concept
• similar to paleontological species concept utilized to identify fossil species

Answer 3

morphological species concept

Question 4

distinct mating adaptations by species - molecular, form, behavior
-example: peacocks tail

Answer 4

recognition species concept

Question 5

emphasizes factors that maintain the distinct form and behavior of a species. factors include such things as reproductive barriers

Answer 5

cohesion (pluralistic) species concept

Question 6

species are identified by where they live and how they behave, not what they look like

Answer 6

ecological species concept

Question 7

emphasizes the evolutionary history of a species and the species’ unique role in the environment
-similar to the evolutionary lineage concept

Answer 7

evolutionary species concept

Question 8

2 types of reproductive barriers aka reproductive isolation mechanisms

Answer 8

• prezygotic barriers

- postzygotic barriers

Question 9

impede reproduction and fertilization of the ova between species

Answer 9

prezygotic barriers

Question 10

these prevent the development of a viable, fertile offspring

Answer 10

postzygotic barriers

Question 11

prezygotic barriers (5)

Answer 11

• habitat isolation
• behavioral isolation
• temporal isolation
• mechanical isolation
• gametic isolation

Question 12

postzygotic barriers (3)

Answer 12

• reduced hybrid viability (inviability)
• reduced hybrid fertility (sterility)
• hybrid breakdown

Question 13

the origin of species

Answer 13

speciation

Question 14

two types of speciation

Answer 14

• allopatric speciation

- sympatric speciation

Question 15

involves geographical isolation
-the geographical barriers required for this can be almost anything, lakes, oceans, rivers, mountain ranges, deserts, etc.

Answer 15

allopatric speciation

Question 16

in this form of speciation the populations are not geographically divergent but become genetically divergent

Answer 16

sympatric speciation

Question 17

species arranged in a ring around a geographical barrier - allopatric speciation in process

Answer 17

ring species

Question 18

allopatric speciation is more likely if:

• the environment is ___ for the isolated populations
• if an isolated population comes from a ___
• if the isolated population is ___

Answer 18

• different
• peripheral area
• small

Question 19

new plant species can arise through ___

Answer 19

polyploidy

Question 20

extra sets of chromosomes

Answer 20

polyploidy

Question 21

polyploidy in an individual

Answer 21

autopolyploidy

Question 22

formation of a polyploidy offspring from two different species

Answer 22

allopolyploidy