Chapter 28

Question 1

protists are ___

Answer 1

eukaryotes

Question 2

protists are the oldest eukaryotes, over ___ years ago

Answer 2

2 billion

Question 3

protists include: (3)

Answer 3

1. animal like species- protozoa
2. photosynthetic species- algae
3. fungus-like species- slime molds

Question 4

most protists are ___, some are ___, and some are ___

Answer 4

unicellular
colonial
multicellular

Question 5

many protists are mobile using ___ and ___

Answer 5

cilia

flagella

Question 6

protists reproduce ___ and ___

Answer 6

asexually

sexually

Question 7

most are free-___, some are ___ including parasites

Answer 7

living

symbiotic

Question 8

what do eukaryotes have that protists do not?

Answer 8

• mitochondria
• chloroplasts
• mitosis- cell division
• meiosis- produces gametes
• sex
• 9 + 2 flagella
• cytoskeleton

Question 9

origin of eukaryotes was through ___ and ___

Answer 9

• infolding of plasma membranes of an ancestral prokaryote

- endosymbiosis

Question 10

one type of bacteria started living inside others- origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 10

endosymbiosis

Question 11

• named after disc-shaped mitochondrial cristae
• many phagocytize their food
• includes parasites such as Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia and the Euglenoids and Kinetoplastids

Answer 11

supergroup discoba

Question 12

heterotrophs but some are photosynthetic as well. they have ribbon-like protein strips below their plasma membranes

Answer 12

euglenoids

Question 13

have kinetoplasts, a mass of extranuclear DNA. they include the parasite Trypanosoma that causes African sleeping sickness

Answer 13

kinetoplastids

Question 14

includes red algae, green algae, plants, cryptomonads, and haptophytes
-has plastids with 2 envelop membranes

Answer 14

supergroup land plants and relatives

Question 15

most red algae are ___ and ___

Answer 15

marine

multicellular

Question 16

most green algae live in ___. they are ___ ___, ___, and ___

Answer 16

freshwater
single celled
colonial
multicellular

Question 17

cryptomonads are ___ ___. they live in ___ and ___.

important source of food for ___ animals.

Answer 17

unicellular flagellates
marine, freshwater
aquatic

Question 18

haptophytes are ___. they live in ___. some have ___.

-include coccolithophorids that are covered with calcium carbonate discs (coccoliths)

Answer 18

unicellular
marine
flagella

Question 19

includes dinoflagellates, ciliates, and apicomplexans

-have sac-like membranous vesicles called alveoli

Answer 19

supergroup alveolata

Question 20

• 2 flagella
• a major component of phytoplankton (photosynthetic plankton)
• toxic species like Pfiesteria cause red tides

Answer 20

dinoflagellates

Question 21

• live in freshwater
• they have cilia, short projections used for propulsion
• they have very complex cells

Answer 21

ciliates

Question 22

• parasites of animals

- includes species of Plasmodium that cause malaria

Answer 22

apicomplexans

Question 23

• includes diatoms, water mold, brown algae, and golden algae
• have flagellar hairs and plastids derived from red algae

Answer 23

supergroup stramenopila

Question 24

• yellow or brown in color
• have glass like cell walls
• common in freshwater and marine waters

Answer 24

diatoms

Question 25

- the largest algae - all multicellular, mostly marine - includes kelp

Answer 25

brown algae

Question 26

- fungus like | - a downy mildew caused the irish potato blight

Answer 26

water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews

Question 27

- colonial | - live in freshwater and marine water

Answer 27

golden algae

Question 28

many types of protists move and feed with structures called ___

Answer 28

pseudopodia

Question 29

- includes amoebas and slime molds | - utilize pseudopodia

Answer 29

supergroup amoebozoa

Question 30

mostly free-living, some are parasitic

Answer 30

amoebas

Question 31

- live as an amoeboid mass called a plasmodium | - some are brightly colored

Answer 31

plasmodial slime molds

Question 32

live as single cells, form multicellular fruiting bodies

Answer 32

cellular slime molds

Question 33

- includes radiolarians, foraminiferans, and chlorarachniophyta - they have thin hair-like (filose) pseudopodia

Answer 33

supergroup rhizaria

Question 34

- have plastids derived from green algae | - tropical

Answer 34

chlorarachniophyta

Question 35

have glassy skeletons, many are planktonic

Answer 35

radiolarians

Question 36

-have porous shells of calcium carbonate, constituent of sedimentary rock

Answer 36

foraminiferans (forams)

Question 37

- have swimming cells possessing a single posterior flagellum - includes animals, fungi, and choanoflagellates

Answer 37

supergroup opisthokonta

Question 38

- have a "collar" and a single flagellum - single-celled and colonial - closely related to animals

Answer 38

choanoflagellates