Chapter 33

Question 1

Phylum Cnidaria

• Jellyfish, corals, hydras, and sea anemones
• symmetry: ___
• have 2 layers of tissue, the ___ and ___
• mostly ___, some live in ___ ___
• ___ bodies
• have jelly-like acellular material (___) between the 2 layers of tissue
• have cells called ___ that contain ___ that release toxins through a tube
• have muscle like fibers and a simple nerve net
• ___: cylindrical shape, sessile
• ___: flattened, rounded, free swimming

Answer 1

• radiata
• ectoderm, endoderm
• marine, fresh water
• sac-like
• mesoglea
• cnidocytes, nematocysts
• polyps
• medusa

Question 2

Phylum Porifera

• the ___
• they have no ___ ___
• they have no ___ or ___
• ___ (stay anchored in one place) during their adult life
• filter feeders
• ___ - collar cells - flagellated cells that create currents and phagocytize food
• have an ___ and ___ layer of cells
• some contain silica, some calcium carbonate, and some protein called ___

Answer 2

• sponges
• true tissues
• nerves, muscles
• sessile
• choanocytes
• outer, inner
• spongin

Question 3

animals that are both male and female

Answer 3

hermaphrodites

Question 4

Phylum Ctenophora

• comb ___
• symmetry: ___
• all live in ___
• use ___ for locomotion
• have cells with sticky threads
• most are ___

Answer 4

• jellies
• radiata
• marine
• cilia
• bioluminescent

Question 5

3 clades of bilateral animals are…

Answer 5

lophotrocoza
ecdysozoa
deuterostomia

Question 6

___ and ___ are both protostomes

Answer 6

lophotrocozoa

ecdysozoa

Question 7

Lophotrocozoans possess specialized feeding structures ___, or a distinct larval stage ___, or similar structures.

Answer 7

(lophophores)

trochophore

Question 8

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• ___
• ___
• includes ___ and ___ species
• Have a ___ ___ with a single opening
• Free-living forms include the well known planarians
• Most have a distinct ___ and ___ ___ cords

Answer 8

• Flatworms
• Acoelomates
• free-living, parasitic
• gastrovascular tract
• head, ventral nerve

Question 9

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• ___ are parasitic
• ___ – blood flukes
• ___ – are parasites with no digestive tract, they absorb food
• Tapeworms have hooks to hook onto the host’s ___ ___

Answer 9

flukes
Schistosome
Tapeworms
intestinal walls

Question 10

Phylum Rotifera

• ___
• very ___
• most live in ___ ___
• pseudocoelomates
• have a crown of ___ that directs food into their mouth
• have ___ to grind food
• have a ___ ___ ___, with a mouth and an anus

Answer 10

rotifers
small
fresh water
cilia
jaws
complete digestive tract

Question 11

the lophophorate phyla

• Bryozoans, Phoronids, and Brachiopods
• all have a ___ feeding structure called the ___
• they used to be considered ___ because of their development
• molecular evidence suggests they are more closely related to ___

Answer 11

ciliated, lophophore
deuterostomes
protostomes

Question 12

Phylum Nemertea
-\_\_\_ worms or \_\_\_ worms
-acoelomate or coelomate?
-have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_
have a \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_, with blood contained in blood vessels

Answer 12

ribbon, proboscis
complete digestive tract
closed circulatory system

Question 13

Phylum Mollusca

• Includes snails, slugs, oysters, clams, chitons, octopuses, squid, and many more
• > 100,000 living species
• Coelomates – protostomes
• mostly ___, some in ___, and some are ___
• they have soft bodies, but many have a protective shell of ___ ___

Answer 13

marine, freshwater, terrestrial

calcium carbonate

Question 14

Phylum Mollusca

• the mollusk body has a ___ foot
• ___ ___: contains most of the organs
• ___: a fold of tissue over the visceral mass, secretes the shell
• ___: a rasping feeding organ found in many (not all) mollusks
• most mollusks have an ___ ___ ___ with their ___ (blood) directly bathing their organs
• have ___ nerve cords

Answer 14

muscular
visceral mass
mantle
radula
open circular system, hemolymph
ventral

Question 15

there are 8 classes of mollusks, the most familiar are…

Answer 15

Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Polyplacophora

Question 16

snails and slugs

Answer 16

gastropoda

Question 17

• clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
• mostly sessile
• filter feeders

Answer 17

bivalvia

Question 18

• squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, and nautiluses
• most have internal shells
• have a closed circulatory system
• have a complex brain

Answer 18

cephalopoda

Question 19

• chitons

- eight-pleated shells

Answer 19

polyplacophora

Question 20

Phylum Annelida

• ___ worms
• Earthworms, leaches, tubeworms, and polychaete worms
• Coelomates – protostomes
• have a ___ body
• ___ nerve cord
• ___ circulatory system
• ___ are paired excretory tubules located in each segment

Answer 20

• segmented
• segmented
• ventral
• closed
• Metanephridia

Question 21

Phylum - Annelida

• Have a brain-like ___ ___
• Earthworms are cross-fertilizing ___
• Tube-worms are ___ as adults
• Leaches have a history in medicine
• Polychaetes are marine worms with ___, structures that look like legs

Answer 21

cerebral ganglia
hermaphrodites
sessile
parapodia

Question 22

Ecdysozoa

• Nematodes and arthropods
• Exhibit ___, periodic molting of a ___, a non-living cover offering support and protection.

Answer 22

ecdysis

cuticle

Question 23

Phylum Nematoda
-\_\_\_ \_\_\_ worms
-Pseudocoelomates
Found in \_\_\_ habitats, in \_\_\_, and as \_\_\_ and \_\_\_ parasites
-Very abundant
-Could be as many as 100,000 species
-Most are very \_\_\_
-\_\_\_ \_\_\_ are of major economic importance

Answer 23

Unsegmented round
aquatic, soil, plant, animal
small (microscopic)
plant parasites

Question 24

Phylum - Arthropoda
-Jointed ___
-Crustaceans, spiders, insects, millipedes, centipedes, and many others
-Coelomates- protostomes
At least 1 million named species, probably several million species in total
-They have ___ legs, a hard ___, and ___

Answer 24

feet
jointed
exoskeleton
segmentation

Question 25

Phylum Arthropoda - The cuticle of arthropods is called the ___, it is constructed of layers of ___ and ___ - For an arthropod to grow the exoskeleton has to be periodically discarded in a process called ___ - The exoskeleton provides protection, ___ ___, and something for muscles to work against

Answer 25

exoskeleton chitin, protein molting water resistance

Question 26

Phylum Arthropoda - Arthropods have many of their sensor organs concentrated on their ___ - Arthropods have a(n) ___ circulatory system - ___ – walking worms, may resemble arthropod ancestors

Answer 26

heads open Onychophorans

Question 27

Four Major Subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda are...

Answer 27

Chelicerate Myriapods Crustacea Hexapoda

Question 28

arachnids, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and eurypterids (extinct)

Answer 28

Chelicerata

Question 29

centipedes, millipedes, and others

Answer 29

Myriapoda

Question 30

crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, pill bugs, and others

Answer 30

Crustacea

Question 31

mostly insects

Answer 31

Hexapoda

Question 32

- Chelicerates all possess feeding appendages called ___. - Chelicerates have no ___ and most have simple eyes (one lens). - Most Chelicerates are members of Class ___

Answer 32

chelicerae antennae Arachnida

Question 33

Arachnids - include spiders, harvestmen, scorpions, ticks, mites, and others - Most arachnids have ___ major body regions and ___ pairs of legs - Most spiders utilize ___ ___ for respiration

Answer 33

2, 4 | book lungs

Question 34

Subphylum Myriapoda - Have ___ (1 pair) and ___ - Multi-legged, worm-like, species are thought to be more “primitive” than insects

Answer 34

antennae, mandibles

Question 35

- Millipedes | - 2 pairs of legs per segment

Answer 35

Class – Diplopoda

Question 36

- Centipedes - 1 pair of legs per segment - Carnivorous - Have claws that inject venom into their prey

Answer 36

Class – Chilopoda

Question 37

Class Insecta - More species than all other animals combined - Many insects have ___ pairs of wings (1 pair modified in many) - The insects are the only ___ that can fly - Insects have 3 body regions: ___, ___, and ___

Answer 37

2 invertebrates head, thorax, and abdomen

Question 38

Class Insecta - Insects have ___ pairs of legs - Insects have ___ pair of antennae - Insects have ___ ventral nerve cords - Insects have ___ for respiration. Trachea are ___ ___ in the insect body - ___ ___ are used for excretion - Many insects have compound eyes (with many lenses)

Answer 38

3 1 2 trachea, chitin-lined Malpighian tubules

Question 39

- The young (nymphs) look like small adults but can’t fly or reproduce - Go through several molts

Answer 39

Incomplete metamorphosis

Question 40

- There are larval stages | - Transforms to adult during the pupal stage

Answer 40

Complete metamorphosis

Question 41

subphylum crustacea - Crustaceans have many heavily modified ___ - They have ___ pairs of antennae - 3 or more pairs of appendages are modified as ___ - Most have ___ for respiration - ___ is a very important part of the marine food chain - Crustaceans are important members of the ___ (animal plankton) of marine and freshwaters

Answer 41

``` appendages 2 mouthparts gills Krill zooplankton ```

Question 42

Phylum Echinodermata - ___ skin animals - Deuterostomes - Starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lilies, and sea cucumbers - They have a ___ ___ covered with ___ ___ - ___ symmetry as adults

Answer 42

Spiny hard skeleton, thin skin Radial

Question 43

Phylum Echinodermata - Echinoderms have a ___ ___ ___, hydraulic canals connected to ___ ___. - The tube feet can generate ___ - Tube feet are used for ___, ___, and ___ - Echinoderms have a nervous system but there is no ___

Answer 43

``` water vascular system tube feet suction locomotion, feeding, respiration brain ```