LPN > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What are the main parts of the cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus

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2
Q

The living substance that only lives in cells

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Organ of the cell that lives in the cytoplasm

A

Organelle

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4
Q

Thin membrane that surrounds the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Two layers of phosphate containing lipids molecules found in the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids

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6
Q

The fluid inside the cell

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

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7
Q

Fluid outside the cells

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

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8
Q

Provides the cell support and movement

A

Cytoskeleton

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9
Q

What gives the Cytoskeleton the ability to move

A

ATP

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10
Q

Synthesizes proteins; a cell’s protein factory

A

Ribosome

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11
Q

The difference between the rough and the smooth ER

A

The rough has ribosomes while the smooth doesn’t

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12
Q

Passageways that carry proteins and other substances through the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

Receives and transports synthesize proteins from ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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14
Q

Synthesize lipids and certain carbohydrates

A

Smooth ER

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15
Q

Packaging and processing center: stack of flattened membranous sacs (mucousy)

A

Golgi apparatus

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16
Q

The powerhouse of the cell and synthesizes ATP

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

A cells digestive bag that breaks down large molecules

A

Lysosomes

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18
Q

Small finger like extensions that helps with absorption

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

Fine hairlike extensions on free surfaces of cells (can be found in nose and tongue)

A

Cillia

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20
Q

Single, tail like, can move and can be identified as a sperm

A

Flagella

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21
Q

Center of the cell and a double membranes envelope containing DNA,

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

Microtubule center; helping to move cell components

A

Centrosome

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23
Q

Help move and organize chromosomes during cell reproduction- fine spindle fibers

A

Centrioles

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24
Q

Dense region of the nuclear materials that is critical in protein information; found in the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

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25
Substance in the neclues made up of many DNA
Chromatin
26
Determines every physical and sexual characteristics
DNA
27
Tightly coiled short rod like structures
Chromosomes
28
What is the difference between passive and active transport
Active requires the use of ATP while passive doesn’t
29
What are the types of passive transport
Diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, filtration
30
What are the types of active transport
Ion pump, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis
31
Substances scatter themselves evenly throughout an available space
Diffusion
32
Particles go from high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion
33
The passive movement of water molecules through water channels in a semipermeable membrane when some of the solutes CANNOT cross the membrane
Osmosis
34
Medical application of diffusion; cleans and filters blood when a person's kidneys fail, removing waste products and excess fluid.
Dialysis
35
Movement of water and solutes through a semipermeable membrane as a result of a pushing force that is greater on one side of the membrane then on the other side
Filtration
36
Uphill movement a substance through a living cell membrane
Active transport
37
Movement of a solute particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high connection by means of a membrane carrier protein
Ion pumps
38
Cell eating
Phagocytosis
39
Fluid absorbing (active)
Pinocytosis
40
What are the bases of DNA
Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
41
How many chromosomes do humans have
46 chromosomes
42
Two steps of protein synthesis
Transcription and translation
43
process of copying genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule.
Transcription
44
process where messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded at a ribosome to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming (protein)
Translation
45
A series of three nucleotide bases that act as a code representing a specific amino acid
Codon
46
Cell reproduction and division of the nucleus
Mitosis
47
When a cell is not divided and is going about its usual function
Interphase
48
What are the phases of the cell life cycle in order
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase, cytokinesis
49
The chromatin organizes and condenses into visible chromosome
Prophase
50
The chromosomes have aligned themselves across the center of the cell
Metaphase
51
The chromosomes move away from the center of the cell
Anaphase
52
Two nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes
Telophase
53
final stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides to form two distinct daughter cells
Cytokinesis
54
When the body loses its ability to control the cell life cycle and an unusual mass of proliferating cells develop
Tumor/ neoplasm (can be benign or malignant)
55
Other transport by vesicles
Endocytosis and exocytosis
56
Double stranded DNA separates and one strand copies to form mRNA
Transcription
57
Caused by hydrostatic pressure higher on one side of membrane than others
Filtration
58
Uses a vesicle to incorporate fluids or dissolved substances into cells
Pinocytosis
59
Brings amino acid into place along the mRNA this forming a strand of amino acid
tRNA
60
The process that uses oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrients to release energy required for cellular work
Cellular respiration
61
What uses phagocytosis to remove bacteria
The white blood cells
62
A solution that has a higher concentration of salt then a living red blood cell would be
Hypertonic
63
If placed into this solution, a red blood cell will become engorged with water and eventually lyse
Hypotonic
64
Each DNA molecule is made up of many smaller units called
Nucleotides
65
Shriveling of cell due to water withdrawal
Crenation
66
Two of those Rod shaped structures exist in every cell
Centrioles
67
In complementary base pairings for DNA, thymine always pair with
Adenine
68
In complementary base pairings for DNA, Guanine always pairs with
Cytosine
69
Changes in hydrostatic pressure
Filtration
70
Unicellular, no nucleus
Prokaryotic
71
Complex and found in animals and humans
Eukaryotic
72
has the same solute concentration as the inside of a cell, leading to no net movement of water across the cell membrane; a cells cytoplasm
Isotonic solution
73
Small organelle that has a part in forming the cytoskeleton, cilia, microvilli and flagella
Centrosome
74
All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the
Genome
75
Used ATP to move substances across cell membrane against their concentration gradient
Ion pumps
76
Large molecules shaped like a spiral stair case
DNA
77
Mitochondria is in every cell but the
Red blood cell
78
How much larger is the ovum compared to the red blood cells
20x larger
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