LPN > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Also called visceral muscle

A

Smooth muscle

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2
Q

What are the types of muscles

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

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3
Q

The muscle unit, excluding the end

A

The body

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4
Q

Attach muscle to bones

A

Tendons

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5
Q

Fluid filled sacs

A

Bursae

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6
Q

Attachment to more movable bone

A

Insertion

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7
Q

Attachment to more stationery bones

A

Origin

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8
Q

Protein that forms thick myofilaments

A

Myosin

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9
Q

Basic functional unit of skeletal system

A

Sarcomere

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10
Q

Protein that forms thin myofilaments

A

Actin

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11
Q

Microscopic threadlike structures found in skeletal muscle fibers

A

Myofilaments

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12
Q

Elongated contractile cells of muscle tissue

A

Muscle tissues

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13
Q

How do muscles move bones

A

By pulling on them

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14
Q

The insertion bone moves towards

A

the origin bone

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15
Q

The muscle mainly responsible for producing a particular movement is called

A

The prime mover for that movement

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16
Q

As prime movers contracts, what muscles relax

A

Antagonists

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17
Q

What are the helper muscles that help the prime mover

A

Synergists

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18
Q

We are able to mantain our body position because of a specialized body contraction called

A

Tonic contraction (muscle tone)

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19
Q

What does muscle tone do

A

It maintains body posture by counteracting the pull of gravity

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20
Q

Hypothermia

A

A decrease in temperature that will dramatically effect the body’s condition

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21
Q

Energy required to produce contraction is obtained from

A

ATP

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22
Q

When a muscle does not shorten and no movement results, the contraction is

A

Isometric

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23
Q

Walking is a type of what contraction

A

Isotonic

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24
Q

Pushing against a wall is an example of what type of contraction

A

Isometric

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25
Endurance training is also known as
Aerobic training
26
Strength training is also known as
Hypertrophy
27
What is the result of prolonged inactivity of your muscles
Disuse atrophy
28
Twitch contractions can be easily seen in
Isolated muscles prepared for research
29
Contractions that melt together to produce a sustained contraction are called
Tetanus
30
In most cases isotonic contraction of muscle produce movement at a
Joint
31
A movement that makes the angle between the two bones smaller is
Flexion
32
Moving a part toward the midline is
Adduction
33
Moving a part away from the midline is
Abduction
34
When you move your head side to side like you’re shaking your head, no: what are you doing to that muscle group
Rotating
35
Occurs when you turn the palm of your hands from an anterior to posterior position
Pronation
36
a type of isotonic contraction that causes the muscle to shorten
37
A type of isotonic contraction that causes the muscle to lengthen and get farther away from the origin
Eccentric contractions
38
A hand position with the palm turned to the anterior position
Supination
39
The foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward
Dorisiflection
40
The bottom of the foot is directed downward
Plantar flexion
41
Dorisiflexion refers to
Foot movement
42
Muscle cells are stimulated by a nerve fiber called a
Motor neuron
43
The connecting bridges between myofilaments form properly only if what is present
Calcium
44
What is physiological muscle fatigue caused by
Oxygen debt, inadequate periods of rest for muscles, and lactic acid buildup in the muscles
45
What are the hamstring muscles
Semimembranous, semitendinosus, and Biceps femoris
46
What is the principle that states that when a muscle fiber is subjected to a threshold stimulus, it contracts completely
All or none
47
What is the axis of the movement, rotation
Longitudinal
48
The sliding filament model
An explanation of how a skeletal muscle contracts
49
What is responsible for plantar flexion and is sometimes referred to as the toe’s dancer’s muscle
Gastrocnemius
50
If you weigh 120 pounds, how many pounds is your skeletal muscle
50 pounds
51
What percentage of your weight is skeletal muscle
40%
52
When the muscle is moving, it is
Shortening or contracting
53
Single nuclei per muscle fiber
Smooth muscle
54
Have dark straining bands called intercalated disks
Cardiac muscles
55
Enclose some tendons
Tendon sheaths
56
Sarcomeres are seperated by what
Dark bands called Z lines/Z disks
57
The chemical messenger that helps send messages to the brain to get the muscles to contract
Neurotransmitter
58
Combination of a motor neuron with the muscle fibers if controls
Motor unit
59
Term that describes the metabolic effort required to burn excess lactic acid that may accumulate during prolonged periods of excercise
Oxygen debt
60
FACT
diffrent muscle fibers in a muscle are controlled by different motor units having diffrent threshold stimulus levels
61
One contraction
Twitch
62
Tetanic
Sustained contractions caused by hitting a muscle in rapid succession
63
No movement, no tension, but posture is maintained
Tonic
64
No movement but has tension
Isometric
65
What does strength training increase the number of
Myofilaments
66
What does strength training not increase though
Muscle fibers
67
Ankle movements (sideways)
Inversion and eversion
68
Ankle movements (upward and downwards foot movements)
Dorisiflexion and plantar flexion
69
Mastication
Chewing
70
Respiratory muscles
Intercostal muscles and Diaphragm
71
Abdominal muscles
Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, Transversus abdominis
72
Flexes arm
Pectoralis major
73
Extends arm
Latissimus dorsi
74
Abducts arm
Deltoid
75
Flexes forearm
Biceps brachii
76
Extends forearm
Triceps brachii
77
Groups of muscle fibers
Fasciles
78
Surrounds muscle organs and nearby structure
Fascia
79
What two things does contraction require
Calcium and ATP
80
FACT
During contraction, the actin is attracted to the myosin and it causes the myofilaments to shorten
81
What allows us to remain our posture
Tonic contraction
LPN
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