1
Q
Special sense organs of the nervous system
A
Ears and eyes
2
Q
Central nervous system (CNS)
A
Brain and spinal cord
3
Q
Nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body
A
Peripheral nervous system
4
Q
Subdivision of peripheral nervous system
A
Autonomic nervous system
5
Q
Automatic
A
Involuntary functions
6
Q
Branching projection of neuron
A
Dendrites
7
Q
a type of glial cell that’s responsible for forming the myelin sheath around nerve axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
A
Schwann cell
8
Q
Also known as efferent neuron
A
Motor neuron
9
Q
Gaps between adjacent Schwann cells
A
Nodes of Ranvier
10
Q
Groups of wrapped axons
A
Fascicles
11
Q
Support cells
A
Neuroglia
12
Q
Conduct impulses
A
Neurons
13
Q
What are the three major parts of the neuron
A
Sensory, motor and interneurons
14
Q
Central of connecting neurons
A
Interneurons
15
Q
Carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord
A
Motor neurons
16
Q
Carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain
A
Sensory neurons
17
Q
Also called afferent neurons
A
Sensory neurons
18
Q
Most common type of brain tumor
A
Glioma
19
Q
Glia cells that are relatively large and look like stars
A
Astrocytes
20
Q
Threadlike branches attach to neurons and to small blood vessels
A
Astrocytes
21
Q
Astrocytes branches fork a two-layer structure called the
A
Blood brain barrier
22
Q
Separates the blood tissue and nervous tissue to protect the brain from harmful chemicals in the blood
A
Blood brain barrier
23
Q
Composed primarily of myelinated axons
A
White matter
24
Q
Composed primarily of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
A
Gray matter
25
Surrounds one fiber within a nerve
Endonerium
26
Surrounds a group (fascicles) of nerve fibers
Perineurium
27
Surrounds the entire nerve (all)
Epineurium
28
Neuron pathway
Reflex arc
29
In inflamed brain tissue they digest the microbes and help clean up cell damage (phagocytosis)
Microglia
30
Produce myelin sheath and help hold nerve fibers together in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
31
Outer wrapped layers of a Schwann cell and plays a role in regeneration of cuts and injured axons
Neurilemma
32
Why is potentials for regeneration in the CNS is far less than it is in the PNS
The CNS lack Schwann cells which means they also lack neurilemma which is essential in healing of axons
33
Nerve impulses
Action potentials
34
The simplest kind of reflex arc
Two-neuron arc
35
Impulse conductions in a reflex arc typically starts in
Receptors
36
The gap that serves as a junction where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another neuron
Synapse
37
Contraction of a muscle that causes a part of the body to pull away from an irritating stimulus
Withdrawal reflex
38
A group of nerve cells bodies located in the PNS
Ganglion
39
Where can interneurons be found
Entirely within the gray matter of the CNS
40
What is located in the brain stem
Medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons
41
Function of the hypothalamus
Regulation of body temp
42
What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system
Neurons and glia cells
43
The autonomic nervous system consist of certain motor neurons that conduct impulses from the spinal cord or brain stem to
Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues (involuntary)
44
Each synaptic knob vesicle contains a very small quantity of a chemical compound called
A neurotransmitter
45
ADH is produced by the
Hypothalamus
46
Resting neuron: outside has a slight positive charge and a negative charge on the inside
Polarization
47
The inside of the neuron becomes temporarily positive while the outside becomes negative (when NA+ ions rush inwards)
Depolarization
48
When the depolarized section of the membrane immediately recovers
Replorization
49
process by which an electrical signal (action potential) jumps along a myelinated axon from one node of Ranvier to the next,
Salatory conduction
50
What three structures make up the typical synapse
Synaptic knob, synaptic cleft, plasma membrane
51
What is part of the Diencephalon
Hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland
52
part of the brain that helps in the association of of sensation with emotions and also aids in the arousal or alerting mechanism
Thalamus
53
on the side of peripheral Glia
Schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier, neurilemma
54
on the side of central glia
microglia, oligodendrocyte, myelin, astrocyte
55
function of the cerebrum
willed movement, consciousness, memory, conscious awareness of sensation
56
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is commonly referred to as
A stroke
57
Within the interior of the cerebrum are a few island of gray matter known as
Basal ganglia
58
visual perception is located in what lobe
Occipital
59
function of the cerebellum
Maintain equilibrium, helps with production of smooth coordinated movement, and helps sustain posture
60
parkinson disease is a disease of
cerebral basal nuclei
61
Amines and Dopamine
sleep, motor function, mood, pleasure
62
endorphin, enkephalins
natural pain killers
63
what is the largest section of the brain
cerebrum
64
a loss of sensation caused by a spinal cord injury is called
anesthesia
65
meninges
surrounds the spinal cord
66
maintains body temperature, water balance regulation, (ADH)
Hypothalamus
67
Outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
68
ridges of cerebrum
gyri
69
grooves of cerebrum
sulci
70
spinal cord is formed of
myelinated nerve fibers
71
bundles of axons
tracts
72
names of the meninges
dura mater, pia matter, arachnoid mater
73
fluid spaces
subarachnoid spaces of meninges, central canal inside cord, and ventricles in brain
74
what is your normal state
Parasympathetic
75
what's released during fight or flight response
norepinephrine
76
Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the
Choroid plexus
77
The limbic system integrates
Emotions
78
The autonomic nervous system can be divided into the
Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
79
The effect of sympathetic control on the blood vessels in skeletal muscles is
Dilation
80
The cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell is
Olfactory
81
The axons of the sympathetic preganglionic axon, the parasympathetic preganglionic axon, and the parasympathetic postganglionic axon release acetylcholine. These axons are classified as:
Cholinergic
82
Chronic progressive disorder resulting from a Deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal nuclei of the cerebrum
Parkinson disease
83
How long is the spinal cord
17 - 18 inches
84
Where does the spinal cord end at
1st lumbar vertebrae
85
Sense of smell
Olfactory
86
Vision
Optic
87
Eye movement
Oculomoter and trochlear
88
Tongue movement
Hypoglossal
89
sensation of throat larynx and thoracic and abdominal organs
Vagus
90
Hearing, sense of balance
Vestibulocochlear
91
Sensation of throat, taste, swallowing movements, secretion of saliva
Glossopharyngeal
92
Increases epinephrine secretion
Sympathetic control
93
The outermost and toughest of the layers of meninges
Dura mater
94
Tender, thin layer of the meninges
Pia mater
95
The point of contact between two neurons
Synapse
96
The three central glia cells
Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes
97
Lobe that processes sight and vision
Occipital
98
Processes auditory information
Temporal lobe
99
coordinates voluntary movements, posture, balance, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.
Cerebellum
100
relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulates consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
Thalamus
101
regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, and hormone release, maintaining overall homeostasis.
Hypothalamus
102
involved in motor control, vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and sleep-wake cycles. It also relays sensory and motor information.
Midbrain
LPN
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