Chapter 6 Flashcards by Veronica Haste

Two types of body membrane

Epithelial membrane and connective tissue membrane

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Decrease friction between jones in joints

Membrane lubricants

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Function of membranes

Covers and protects body surfaces, lines body cavities, covers inner surfaces of hollow organs

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Three types of epithelial tissue membranes

Cutaneous, serous, mucous

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Cutaneous membrane

Skin

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The primary organ of the integumentary system

The skin (largest and most visible organ of the body)

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What are the two layers of the serous membrane

Parietal and visceral

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Parietal layer

Part of the serous membrane that lines the walls; wall paper of the body cavity

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Visceral layer

Covers the surface of organs

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In the thoracic cavity; the serous membrane that that surrounds each lung is:

The pleura

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In the abdominal cavity, the serous membrane that cover most of the organs is called the

peritoneum

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A doubled layer structure that acts as a lubricating, fluid filled pocket around the heart

Pericardium - the serous membrane round the heart (resembles a water filled balloon with a fist thrust into it)

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Painful inflammation of the serous membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lung

Pleurisy

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What is the pain by pleurisy caused by

Irritation from friction as the visceral pleura on the lungs rubs against the parietal pleura lining the wall of the chest cavity

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Peritonitis

Inflmmation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

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Epithelial membranes that contain both an epithelial layer and a fibrous connective tissue layer

Mucous membrane

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Line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior of the body

Mucous membrane

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The fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes is called the

Lamina propria

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Transitional area that serves as a point of of fusion where skin and mucous membranes meet

Mucocutaneous membrane

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The connective tissue membrane contains epithelial components

False

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The synovial membrane lining the the joint capsules that surround and and attach the end of articulating bones in movable joints are classified as:

Connective tissue membrane

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Thick, colorless, lubricating fluid that has the consistency to egg whites

Synovial fluid

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Colorless lubricating fluid that has a consistency of eggs whites

Synovial fluid

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What lines small cushion like sacs (bursae) found between many moving body parts

Synovial membrane

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What doesn’t contain any epithelial components

Connective tissue membrane

Deepest layer of the epidermis

Stratum germinativum

What happens to epithelial cells as they approach the surface

The cells die and get replaced by a protein; a substance called keratin

Tough waterproof protein that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin with a protective quality

Keratin

Thought outermost/superfical layer of the epidermis

Stratum corneum

What produces melanin

Melanocytes

What epidermal layer is responsible for the production of melanin

Stratum germinativum

Deeper skin color =

higher concentration of melanin distributed in layer of skin

Important function of melanin

Absorb harmful UV rays

What determines your skin color

Genes, prolonged exposure to sunlight

Part of the body that has little to no melanin

The nail beds

Can cause a pink flush to appear

Increased blood oxygen levels

Can cause cyanosis

Decrease in blood oxygen levels

True fact

The less melanin, the more noticeable the effects of changing blood volume or oxygen levels

Dermal papillae

Small nipple like bumps that project upward from the dermis to the epidermis to help stabilize the dermal epidermal junction

The junction that exists between the thin superficial epidermal layer of skin and the deeper dermal layer and forms a type of basement membrane

Dermal-Epidermal junction

What happens if the dermal-epidermal junction is weakened/destroyed

The two layers of the skin may seperate or the skin may break

When the skin breaks or separates over a limited area because of burns, friction, injuries or exposure to irritants

Blisters may result when

Cells are scattered from another and have fibers scattered in between

The dermis

The upper region of the dermis

Papillary layer

What is the papillary layer made up of

Rows of dermal papillae

Assist us in holding objects without dropping them and help us walk upright without slipping

Skin ridges

Why are our fingerprint unique

Your fingerprint is determined by your gene and decided at birth

Friction ridges

Finger prints/ foot prints

The deepest layer of the dermis

Reticular

Most of the fibers in the reticular layer

Collagen fibers

As we age what is reduced in the dermis

Elastic fibers and fat stored in the hypodermis layer (the skin starts to sag and develop wrinkles)

Another name for the subcutaneous tissue

Superficial fascia/hypodermis

A surgical procedure which involves inserting a tube into the hypodermis and removing fat with a vaccum aspirator

Liposuction

The hair of a newborn

Lanugo

When might lanugo be present

In premature infants

Burn where there is no pain at first

Third degree burn

Warning signs of malignant melanoma

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, and evolving

Where does hair growth began

Base of the hair follicles

What is the papillary layer made nourished by

Dermal blood vessels

Contrary to popular belief about hair

Frequent cutting or shaving of hair won’t make hair grow faster or become coarser

Contracts when we are frightened or cold and caused rising of hair (goosebumps)

Arrector pili muscle

The visible part of the nail

Nail body

Crescent shaped white area of the nail

Lunula/little moon

Layer of epithelium that lies under the nails

Nail bed

Fold of skin on the nails

Cuticles

What situation will cause the nails to turn blue

When blood oxygen levels drop and cyanosis occurs

skins receptor deep in the dermis

Lamellar Corpuscle (pacini corpuscle): detects deep pressure

Skin receptor that is more superficial

Tactile corpuscle (Meissner corpuscle): detects light touches

Sweat glands which are also known as

sudoriferous glands: most numerous of the skin glands

What two groups are sweat glands classified as

Eccrine and Apocrine

More numerous, important and widespread sweat gland in the body

Eccrine

What do eccrine sweat glands release

Perspiration (sweat)

What are the waste products of sweat

Ammonia and uric acid

Opening of the skin

Pores

Found in the armpits (axillary area) and genitalia areas

Apocrine sweat glands

Larger and secrete thicker secretion

Apocrine sweat glands

When does apocrine sweat glands began

At puberty

Contamination and decomposition of the secretion by skin bacteria

Foul odor associated with apocrine gland secretion

Secrete oil for the hair and skin

Sebaceous gland

Where are Sebaceous glands found

Found where hair grows

Lubricates the hair and skin to prevent them from drying and cracking

Sebum

How is white pimples or blackheads formed

Accumulation of sebum which enlarges some of the ducts of the sebaceous gland

What is the only chemical our body can synthesize

Vitamin D

The most common types of skin cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma

What is the most important factor to skin cancer

The sun’s UV radiation

Slow growing malignant tumor of the epidermis - hard raised painless nodules

Squamous cell carcinoma

Began in cells at the base of the epidermis and is less likely to spread

Basal cell carcinoma

Causes death in one of every four case

Malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer and incident of it in the US is increasing

Malignant melanoma

Who have a much greater chance of developing melanoma

Adults who have had two blistering sunburns before the age of 20

Condition in which cancerous cells develop in the skin and mucous membranes of the digestive tract

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) - caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is more common in individuals with

Immunodeficiencies

Hair growth begins from a small mound of cells at the base of the follicle called the

Hair papilla

Small nipplelike bumps that help stabilize the dermal-epidermal junction

Dermal papillae

Slowly growing carcinoma of the epidermis

Squamous cell carcinoma

Most common type of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

In our life time we will shed

40 pounds of skin

Cushion like sac found between moving body parts

Bursa

What is the membrane that lines joint spaces

Synovial

The type of membrane that lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior is known as

Mucous membrane

Chapter 6 Flashcards

(100 cards)