Chapter 3

Question 1

Define a clinical assessment

Answer 1

a. Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological and social factors in an individual that could be presenting a psychological disorder

Question 2

Define diagnosis

Answer 2

a. Process of determining whether or not an individual meets all the criteria of a psychological disorder, based on the problems they have

Question 3

What are the three concepts that determine the strength of the assessment

Answer 3

1. Reliability
2. Validity
3. Standardization

Question 4

Define reliability

Answer 4

1. Presenting the same symptoms to different assessors should result in the same diagnosis

Question 5

Define inter-rater reliability

Answer 5

a. Carefully crafting assessment criteria so raters can get the same result

Question 6

Define test-retest reliabilty

Answer 6

a. The same test gets the same result if taken again

Question 7

Define validity

Answer 7

A test will actually measure what it is designed to measure

Question 8

Define concurrent/ descriptive validity

Answer 8

a. A first measure/test gets the same result as a similar, respected test

Question 9

Define predictive validity

Answer 9

How well your assessment predicts the future

Question 10

Define standardization

Answer 10

1. A technique must have determined standards and norms that make its use consistent

Question 11

Define a clinical interview

Answer 11

a. Systemic observation of subjects behaviour
b. Observations are organized in such a way as to give sufficient info to make a diagnosis
c. Five categories are covered

Question 12

What are the five categories covered in a clinical interview?

Answer 12

1. appearance and behaviour
2. Thought processes
3. Mood and affect
4. Intellectual functioning
5. Sensorium

Question 13

In context of a clinical interview, define Appearance and Behavior

Answer 13

1. Note of overt behaviours, such as dress, appearance, and posture

Question 14

In context of a clinical interview, define thought processes

Answer 14

1. The complexity and speed of talking
2. The content of thoughts
3. Also includes presence of delusions and hallucinations

Question 15

In context of a clinical interview, define Mood and Afffect

Answer 15

1. Predominant feeling state of the individual

2. Feelings associated with subjects speech

Question 16

In context of a clinical interview, define intellectual functioning

Answer 16

1. Generalized appraisal of subjects intelligence

2. Use/absence of complex vocabulary

Question 17

In context of a clinical interview, define sensorium

Answer 17

1. General awareness of surroundings in terms of (1) person, (2) time, and (3) place  “oriented time three”

Question 18

In what case can a therapist break confidentiality with a patient?

Answer 18

the therapist judges that the patient is in immediate danger of harming themselves or others

Question 19

Define a semi-structured clinical interview

Answer 19

a. Follows a “structured interview” type where certain questions are asked that have been designed to elicit certain information
b. However, the clinician may depart from the schematic if they deem it necessary to ask further questions that may yield pertinent info

Question 20

What is the disadvantage of a semi-structured clinical interview?

Answer 20

i. Avoids spontaneity that can helpful and natural when talking about a problem

Question 21

Why would a physical exam be prescribed for a patient?

Answer 21

a. Recommended if it has been over a year since the last one

b. Some psychological problems may be due to a physical dysfunction

Question 22

What are two types of semi-structured interviews?

Answer 22

i. Anxiety and related disorders interview for DSM-5

ii. Structured and clinical interview for DSM-5

Question 23

What are the two scales that obsessions are rated on?

Answer 23

Persistence distress
1. How often it occurs and how much stress it causes
Resistance
1. How difficult it is to get rid of the obsession

Question 24

Define behaviour rating scales

Answer 24

1. A more formal and structured way to observe behaviour