Chapter 4 part 3

Question 1

What are two techniques used to isolate a gene

Answer 1

1. Genetic linkage analysis

2. Association studies

Question 2

Define genetic linkage analysis

Answer 2

a. When a family disorder is studied, other inherited characteristics (genetic markers) are assessed at the same time

Question 3

Define association studies

Answer 3

a. Compare markers in large group of people with a given disorder to a large group of people without the disorder

Question 4

Define cross-sectional designs

Answer 4

1. A cross section is taken across different ages of the population, where differences are examined
2. Cohorts
   a. The participants in each age groups

Question 5

Define the cross-generational effect

Answer 5

a. Trying to generalize the findings in one group to a different group with a whole set of different experiences

Question 6

Define a sequential design

Answer 6

1. Involves repeated study of different cohorts over time

Question 7

What were the first five principles of the nuremburg code?

Answer 7

i. Voluntary consent
ii. For good of society
iii. Animal experiments 1st; human experiments 2nd
iv. Avoid unnecessary suffering
v. Do not conduct if death & debility likely

Question 8

What are the second five principles of the nuremburg code?

Answer 8

vi. Risk commensurate with benefits
vii. Protect subjects against even remote possibility of harm
viii. Conducted only by qualified persons
ix. Subjects should be at liberty to discontinue experiment
x. Terminate if becomes apparent that death or debility will occur

Question 9

What are the principles of the Belmont Report

Answer 9

i. Respect for persons
ii. Beneficience
iii. Justice

Question 10

Canadian Psychological Association of Ethics Guidelines

Answer 10

a. Respect for dignity of persons
b. Responsible caring
c. Integrity in relationships
d. Responsibility to society

Question 11

Define informed consent

Answer 11

i. Involves client agreement to cooperate in the study with full understanding of the nature of treatment, their role, and expected benefit

Question 12

What four things does informed consent involve?

Answer 12

i. Competence
ii. Voluntarism
iii. Full information
iv. Comprehension

Question 13

the corresponding Applications of the Belmont report?

Answer 13

i. Informed consent
ii. Assessment of risks/ benefits
iii. Fair selection of participants

Question 14

What aspect of the Canadian Psychological Association of Ethics Guidelines is given the highest weight?

Answer 14

Respect for dignity of persons

Question 15

1. Positive development strategies

Answer 15

a. Involve efforts to blanket entire populations of people to prevent later problems

Question 16

2. Universal prevention strategies

Answer 16

a. Focus on entire populations and target certain risk factors

Question 17

3. Selelctive prevention

Answer 17

a. Specifically targets whole groups at risk

Question 18

4. Indicated prevention

Answer 18

a. Used for individuals who are beginning to show signs of problems