Chapter 3 SG

Question 1

Historically Native Americans have been displaced, how might that affect their tradition, lifestyle, and health

Answer 1

Tradition and lifestyle is lost in assimilation, the former can result in trauma, weakening mental and physical health.

Question 2

European Settlers and Native Americans both faced challenges to their health, how do they differ

Answer 2

Europeans could have had a hard time adjusting to a new diet, natives got disease, demographic destruction and displacement

Question 3

What was the Columbian exchange?

Answer 3

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, technology, and people between the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) after Christopher Columbus’s 1492 voyage.

Question 4

What different classification terms are used to describe developmental status of countries around the world

Answer 4

By income, stage development, developed or underdevelopment, HIC, MIC, LIC

Question 5

GDP

Answer 5

worth of all goods and services made domestically by citizens and non citizens

Question 6

GNI

Answer 6

income of goods and services produced by citizens home and abroad.

Question 6

GNP

Answer 6

goods and services made by citizens home/abroad

Question 7

Gini Index

Answer 7

measure of wealth equity, 0 means everyone makes the avg income, 1 means wealth is in the hands of a few

Question 8

PPP

Answer 8

how much $1.00 buys you in other countries

Question 9

How might using only per capita measurements of wealth be inaccurate to public and global well-being

Answer 9

the rich can skew the data, the avg gets misconstrued

Question 10

HDI

Answer 10

measures life expectancy, education, personal income, to determine developmental status

Question 11

YLL

Answer 11

years of life lost (mortality)

Question 12

HALE

Answer 12

healthy life expectancy

Question 13

YLD

Answer 13

years of life disabled (morbitity)

Question 14

DALY

Answer 14

disability adjusted life years (yll+yld+disability factor=DALY)

Question 15

What is the GBD, what does it track?

Answer 15

The global burden of disease measures the cost of treating, rehabilitating, and loss of productivity to measure how disease causes health loss

Question 16

What are the three epidemiological transitions?

Answer 16

pestilence and famine, age of receding pandemics, degenerative disease

Question 16

Degenerative disease

Answer 16

modern medicine improves life expectancy, but diseases that plague the elderly become more prevalent

Question 17

Pestilence and Famine

Answer 17

infectious disease and famine are leading causes of death

Question 18

Age of receding pandemics

Answer 18

improved nutrition and sanitation and medical care reduces risk of disease

Question 19

what are the three historically different transitional patterns

Answer 19

slowly with modernization (HIC), accelerated by HIC technology (MIC), delayed: lifestyle of HIC is present before the technology is (LIC)

Question 20

Compare the USA, NP, and ET in terms of nutritional threats and CVD deaths

Answer 20

USA had many due to ultra processed foods, NP and ET have limited access to the foods that prevent CVDs

Question 21

Are NCDs disease of affluence?

Answer 21

No, because more people die of NCDs in LIC and MIC countries

Question 22

Millennial development goals

Answer 22

major goals for significantly reducing global poverty (2000-2015)

Question 23

Sustainable development goals

Answer 23

goals adopted by the UN for a more prosperous future for all

Question 24

demographic transition

Answer 24

patterns of birth/death

Question 25

epidemiological transition

Answer 25

patterns of disease

Question 26

predisposing factor

Answer 26

increases susceptibility to a condition

Question 27

precipitating factor

Answer 27

event that triggers or worsens a condition