What does GBD stand for? How many disease and countries have been tracked since 1990?
Global Burden of disease, ~300 disease across 195 countries
What are the three groups into which the GBD classifies all disease?
Communicable, maternal, neonatal, nutritional (CMNN), non communicable (NCD), injuries/accidents
What is SDI? Why does GBD monitor SDI in addition to disease burdens?
Socioeconomic development index, because SDI can help identify disease
compare epidemiological transitions in CMNN DALYs between Ethiopia, Nepal, and USA
Et: general decline w/brief HIV Aids increase
Np: decline in all CMNN burdens
USA: small increase in all CMNN since 2010
What communicable diseases created a hiccup in general reduction of CMNN burdens globally?
Spanish Influenza, HIV, AIDS, Covid-19
What nutrient is made of amino acids? how many amino acids are there
protein, 20
what are essential amino acids? How do vegetarians get adequate amino acids?
an amino acid that you need to get from another organism, complete proteins have all amino acids, vegetarians compliment protein sources
what percent of our daily calories should be protein?
10-35%
what 3 conditions affect a persons caloric needs?
age, sex, activity level
If only minimal calories are available, what percent should come from protein?
35%
Who are most vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies? Why?
Children because they are growing
Define Underweight
child is more than 2 SD below avg weight for age
Define stunted
child is more than 2 SD below avg height for age
define wasting
child is more than 2 SD below avg height per weight
consequences of underweight/wasting
compromised physical development, compromised immune system function, higher chance to die from common infections
consequences of stunted
compromised physical, mental, and immune system function/development? perpetuating poverty, pregnancy problems
Kwashikor deficiency length and macronutrients involved, and morality
acute, protein, deadly
Marasmus deficiency length and macronutrients involved, and morality
chronic, carbs, fats, proteins, deadly
3 dimensions of GHI
food supply, child undernutrition, child morality
4 indicators of GHI
per capita calories, prevalence of wasting/stunting, under 5 morality
what SDG does the GHI inform
goal 2: hunger
globally, but more so in LMIC countries, what are the two leading causes of infectious disease death? are these problems in the US?
lower respiratory, neonatal conditions. yes, but we can treat them easier
risk factors and causes of pneumonia
causes: virus, bacteria, some fungus
risk factor: chronic tobacco exposure, air pollution 5>age<65
how does penumonia cause death
fluid leaks into alveoli, drown in own fluids
