Chapter 37

Question 1

What is stress?

Answer 1

an actual or alleged hazard to the balance of homeostasis that can impact physical or mental wellbeing

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Answer 2

1. alarm stage: fight or flight
   
   • characterized by tachycardia and tachypnea
2. resistance stage: body starts adapting to stress and what’s happening
   
   • baseline adjusts to adapt to chronic stress, easily angered, forgetful
3. exhaustion stage: burnout
   
   • depression, symptoms develop into chronic conditions, stress starts to affect body systems, fatigue, compromised immunity

Question 3

What is the difference between chronic and acute stress?

Answer 3

– chronic stress: occurs in stable conditions and results from stressful roles

– acute stress: time-limited events that threaten a person for a relatively brief period

Question 4

What is secondary traumatic stress?

Answer 4

a caregiver’s response to seeing trauma; a person’s response to secondary trauma

Question 5

What’s the difference between Neuman’s system model, Roy’s adaptation model, and Pender’s health promotion model?

Answer 5

– Neuman’s system model: systems approach

• a stressor at one place in a system affects the other parts

– Roy’s adaptation model: sees the person as a biopsychosocial being in continuous interaction with a changing environment

• a person has the ability to modify external stimuli to allow adaptation to occur

– Pender’s health promotion model: health is a positive dynamic state, not merely the absense of disease; people are multidimensional as they interact with the environment in pursuit of health

• focuses on health promotion and stress management

Question 6

What is compassion fatigue?

Answer 6

when you care so much about others that you forget to care about yourself

Question 7

What is second victim syndrome?

Answer 7

when a caregiver feels stress as a result of harm to others