Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the Healthy People journal?

Answer 1

10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease

Question 2

What is the definition of health?

Answer 2

– health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

• state of being that is often defined in relation to one’s own values, personality, and lifestyle

Question 3

Describe the health belief model.

Answer 3

– idea that our beliefs influence and govern our behaviors

– our behaviors determine our health

Question 4

What is Pender’s Model?

Answer 4

looks at personal factors and individual experiences and what the pt perceives is the benefit of doing something or not doing something

Question 5

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs used for? What are the 5 levels of the hierarchy?

Answer 5

– used to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs; most basic (bottom tiers) must be fulfilled first before higher tiers can be fulfilled

– 5 levels (from bottom to top):

1. physiological
2. safety and security
3. love and belonging
4. self-esteem
5. self-actualization

Question 6

Distinguish the 3 levels of prevention and who they pertain to.

Answer 6

1. primary prevention:
   
   • true prevention that lowers chance of disease developing (ex: vaccinations)
   • applicable to everyone
2. secondary prevention:
   
   • prevention methods that are focused on those who already have health problems/illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
3. tertiary prevention:
   
   • treatments aimed at individuals who already have a disease that is permanent or irreversible

Question 7

What are the 3 types of risk factors?

Answer 7

1. nonmodifiable: factors that you can’t change
2. modifiable: factors that you can change
3. environmental

Question 8

What are the 5 stages of the transtheoretical model of change?

Answer 8

1. precontemplation: unwilling to make any changes
2. contemplation: acknowledgement that change needs to happen; willing but not quite ready
3. preparation: taking action to prepare to make the change
4. action: actually making the change
5. maintenance: sustaining the action for a period of time