Human movement system
Collective structures that work together to move the body, including muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Kinetic chain
Concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement
Nervous system
Specialized network of nerves that transfer information within the body (EG-internal communication network)
Electrolytes
Minerals that have an electric charge to help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, including sodium, potassium, and magnesium
Mechanoreceptors
Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces like touch and pressure within tissues and transmit signals back through sensory nerves
Somatic nervous system
Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscles and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement
Autonomic nervous system
Division of PNS that supplies neural inputs to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body
Sympathetic nervous system
Subdivision of ANS that increases neural activity and puts the body in a heightened state
Parasympathetic nervous system
Subdivision of ANS that decreases neural state and puts the body in a more relaxed state
Proprioception
Internal sense of body orientation
Integrative function
Ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information in order to produce an appropriate response
Motor function
The neuromuscular response to integrated sensory information
Three types of mechanoreceptors
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Joint receptors
Muscle spindle
Sensory receptors in parallel with the muscle that are sensitive to change in the length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Stretch reflex
Neurological loop involving the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening
How quickly does the stretch reflex occur?
1-2 milliseconds
Golgi tendon organ
Specialized sensory receptor located at the junction where skeletal muscle fibers insert into tendons; sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of change
Joint receptors
Receptors located in and around the joint capsule that respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of a joint
Activation of GTO does what?
GTO activation causes the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excess stress and possible injury
Motor skills
Specific movements through the coordinated effort of the sensory and motor subsystems
Three stages of motor skill development
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Stage I motor learning (cognitive)
Client is just learning a skill. They understand the goals and develop movement strategies to perform the skill but with inconsistent performance
Stage II motor learning (associative)
Client begins to understand the skill. Through practice, they refine the skill and strategy until they can perform the skill with less error.
Stage III motor learning (autonomous)
Client has mastered the skill and can perform the skill consistently with no error and independently modify the skill without error
