Chapter 8!!!!

Question 1

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

• Clavicle (collarbone)
• Scapula (shoulder blade)
  They attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 2

What are the 4 regions of the upper limbs?

Answer 2

1. Brachium – upper arm (humerus)
2. Antebrachium – forearm (radius & ulna)
3. Carpus – wrist (8 carpal bones)
4. Manus – hand (metacarpals & phalanges)

Question 3

Whats the difference between the false pelvis and the true pelvis.

Answer 3

False pelvis: Upper, broader part; supports abdominal organs.

True pelvis: Lower, narrower part; surrounds the pelvic cavity and birth canal.

Question 4

Whats the differences between the male and female pelvis.

Answer 4

Female pelvis: Wider, shallower, larger pelvic inlet/outlet, and broader pubic angle — adapted for childbirth.

Male pelvis: Narrower, deeper, smaller pelvic inlet/outlet, and sharper pubic angle — built for support and strength.

Question 5

What are the 4 regions of the lower limbs?

Answer 5

• Femoral region – thigh (femur)
• Crural region – leg (tibia & fibula)
• Tarsal region – ankle (tarsals)
• Pedal region – foot (metatarsals & phalanges)

Question 6

What are the 2 arches of the feet?

Answer 6

− Longitudinal arch – runs front to back; helps absorb shock.
− Transverse arch – runs side to side; helps distribute body weight evenly.

Question 7

The development of the appendicular skeleton in chronological order:

Answer 7

1. Limb buds form (around week 4 of embryonic development).
2. Cartilage models appear.
3. Ossification begins (bone replaces cartilage).
4. Epiphyseal plates allow growth.
5. Full ossification occurs in late teens/early 20s.