Chpt 3 Study Guide!!

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to do a specific job.

Question 2

What are the primary tissue classes?

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue – Covers the body and lines organs (like skin and stomach lining)

Connective tissue – Supports and connects parts (like bone, fat, and blood)

Muscle tissue – Helps the body move (like in arms, heart, stomach)

Nervous tissue– Sends signals (like in the brain and nerves)

Question 3

Describe epithelial tissues.

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces, lines organs, and forms glands.

Question 4

What are the functions of epithelial tissues?

Answer 4

Protection (e.g., skin)

Absorption (e.g., intestines)

Secretion (e.g., glands)

Filtration (e.g., kidneys)

Question 5

Simple Epithelium

Answer 5

One single layer of cells

Absorption, secretion, filtration

Lining of lungs, intestines, blood vessels

Squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

Question 6

Stratified Epithelium

Answer 6

Two or more layers of cells

Protection against friction and damage

Skin surface, mouth, esophagus

Usually squamous at the top

Question 7

What do goblet cells do?

Answer 7

They make and release mucus.

Question 8

What is the shape and function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 8

Flat, single layer; fast diffusion & filtration.

Question 9

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 9

Lungs (air sacs), blood vessels.

Question 10

What is the shape and function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 10

Cube-shaped, single layer; secretion & absorption.

Question 11

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 11

Kidney tubules, glands.

Question 12

What is the shape and function of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 12

Tall, column-like, single layer (may have goblet cells); absorption & mucus secretion.

Question 13

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Answer 13

Stomach, intestines.

Question 14

What is the shape and function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 14

Looks layered but isn’t; may have cilia and goblet cells; moves mucus, traps dust.

Question 15

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

Answer 15

Trachea, respiratory tract.

Question 16

What is the shape and function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 16

Many layers; top cells are flat; protection from damage.

Question 17

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 17

Skin, mouth, esophagus.

Question 18

What is the shape and function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 18

2–3 layers of cube-shaped cells; protection, some secretion.

Question 19

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 19

Sweat and salivary gland ducts.

Question 20

What is the shape and function of stratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 20

Several layers; top cells are column-shaped; protection & secretion.

Question 21

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found?

Answer 21

Male urethra, some glands (rare).

Question 22

What is the shape and function of transitional epithelium?

Answer 22

Cells stretch and change shape; stretching & protection.

Question 23

Where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 23

Bladder, ureters.

Question 24

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 24

Endocrine: No ducts, hormones go into blood. Exocrine: Have ducts, secretions go outside or into cavities.

Question 25

Give an example of an endocrine gland.

Answer 25

Thyroid gland, pituitary gland.

Question 26

Give an example of an exocrine gland.

Answer 26

Sweat glands, salivary glands.

Question 27

What are the 3 types of exocrine glands and how do they work?

Answer 27

Merocrine: Secrete by exocytosis (cell stays intact). Apocrine: Part of cell breaks off. Holocrine: Whole cell bursts.

Question 28

Where is each exocrine gland type found?

Answer 28

Merocrine: Sweat and salivary glands Apocrine: Armpits and groin Holocrine: Oil (sebaceous) glands

Question 29

What is the matrix of connective tissue?

Answer 29

Material between cells, includes fibers and ground substance.

Question 30

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 30

Support, protect, bind tissues, store energy, transport materials, fight infection.

Question 31

What cells are found in fibrous connective tissue and what do they do?

Answer 31

Fibroblasts: Make and maintain fibers. Macrophages: Eat germs and dead cells. Mast cells: Release histamine, cause inflammation. White blood cells: Fight infection.

Question 33

What are the three types of fibers in fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 33

Collagen: Thick, strong, resist stretch. Elastic: Thin, stretchy. Reticular: Thin, branched, form mesh.

Question 34

What is the ground substance in fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 34

Gel-like material that fills space between cells and fibers.

Question 35

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue and their functions?

Answer 35

Areolar: Holds organs, connects tissues, provides nutrients. Adipose: Stores fat, insulates, cushions. Reticular: Forms framework in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow.

Question 36

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

Answer 36

Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.

Question 37

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Answer 37

Dermis of skin, capsules around organs (e.g., kidneys, liver).

Question 38

Which 2 tissues have a fluid matrix?

Answer 38

Blood (plasma) and lymph.

Question 39

What is cartilage made of and what surrounds it?

Answer 39

Made of chondrocytes, surrounded by perichondrium.

Question 40

What are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 40

Support, smooth joint movement, shock absorption, shape respiratory tract, bone template.

Question 41

What are the 3 types of cartilage and where are they found?

Answer 41

Hyaline: Smooth, firm; joints, nose, ribs. Elastic: Flexible; ear, epiglottis. Fibrocartilage: Tough; spine discs, meniscus.

Question 42

What is the most rigid connective tissue?

Answer 42

Bone

Question 43

What is bone made of and what surrounds it?

Answer 43

Formed by osteocytes; surrounded by periosteum.

Question 44

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 44

Support, protect organs, allow movement, store minerals, make blood cells, store energy.

Question 45

What are the functions of connective tissue membranes?

Answer 45

Cover/protect organs, line cavities, reduce friction, support tissues.

Question 46

What are the 4 types of connective tissue membranes and their components?

Answer 46

Mucous: Epithelium + loose CT; makes mucus. Serous: Simple squamous + CT; makes fluid. Cutaneous: Epithelium + dense CT; skin. Synovial: Loose CT only; makes joint fluid.

Question 47

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 47

Skeletal: Striped, voluntary, moves bones. Cardiac: Striped, involuntary, pumps heart. Smooth: No stripes, involuntary, moves organs.

Question 48

What is the function of nervous tissue and where is it found?

Answer 48

Send/receive signals; found in brain, spinal cord, nerves.

Question 49

What are the 2 types of nervous tissue cells and their functions?

Answer 49

Neurons: Send/receive signals. Neuroglia (glial cells): Support and protect neurons.

Question 50

What are the 3 parts of a neuron?

Answer 50

Cell Body: Contains nucleus. Dendrites: Receive signals. Axon: Sends signals away.