Physiology TEST 1: Chapter 3 Flashcards by Julia Gregg

Q

Plasma membrane structure?

A

Phospholipid bilayer + proteins.

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Q

Fluid mosaic model?

A

Membrane is flexible with moving proteins.

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Q

Integral vs peripheral proteins?

A

Integral = embedded; Peripheral = surface.

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Q

Membrane protein functions?

A

Transport, receptors, enzymes, adhesion.

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Q

Phagocytosis?

A

Cell “eating” particles.

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Q

After phagocytosis?

A

Vesicle fuses with lysosome.

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Q

Endocytosis?

A

Intake via vesicle

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Q

Exocytosis?

A

Vesicles release contents outside cell.

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Q

Pinocytosis vs receptor-mediated?

A

Pinocytosis = fluid; receptor-mediated = specific molecules.

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Q

3 membrane extensions?

A

Cilia, flagella, microvilli.

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Q

Cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol + organelles.

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Q

Cytoskeleton?

A

Structural protein network.

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Q

Lysosome functions (besides bacteria)?

A

Organelle recycling & cell self-destruction.

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Q

Ribosome function?

A

Protein synthesis.

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Q

Peroxisomes?

A

Detox + fatty acid breakdown.

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Q

Mitochondria?

Study These Flashcards

A

ATP production organelles.

Q

Rough ER?

Study These Flashcards

A

Makes proteins

Q

Smooth ER?

Study These Flashcards

A

Lipids + detox.

Q

Nuclear outer membrane continuous with?

Study These Flashcards

A

Rough ER

Q

Steps of gene expression?

Study These Flashcards

A

DNA → RNA → protein

Q

Nucleoli?

Study These Flashcards

A

Ribosome production

Q

Chromatin?

Study These Flashcards

A

DNA + protein complex.

Q

Euchromatin vs heterochromatin?

Study These Flashcards

A

Eu = active; Hetero = inactive

Q

DNA must be what form to be expressed?

Study These Flashcards

A

Loosely packed.

Enzyme for transcription + replication unwinding?

Helicase.

How many DNA strands transcribed at once?

One

Expressed mRNA parts?

Exons.

Not expressed?

Introns.

Polyribosome?

Multiple ribosomes on one mRNA

Codon?

3-base mRNA sequence coding amino acid.

Golgi apparatus function?

Modifies + packages proteins.

Enzyme adding nucleotides in replication?

DNA polymerase

Two types of cell death?

Apoptosis (programmed) vs necrosis (injury)

Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy?

Hyperplasia = more cells; Hypertrophy = bigger cells.