CHAPTER A

Question 0

1. Where did the police criminal investigative process originate.
2. What were the 3 beginners of law enforcement

Answer 0

1. In England.
2. Bow street runners.
3. the London metropolitan police (BOBBIES).
4. Scotland Yard.

Question 1

1. Why are the lines between romance and the reality of crime solving so often blurred
2. What are 4 categories of examples

Answer 1

1. Because portrayals misstate or distorts the realities of the investigative process and bear little resemblance to the real world of criminal investigation.
2. Because of so many TV dramas which focus on crime solving through forensic techniques.
3. Because of children’s books and tv shows of mystery and good vs evil.
4. People have been fascinated by outlaw gangs
5. Famous fictional detectives

Question 2

1. Who were credited as England’s first police force and the forerunners of a trend in policing for specialization within the police force.

And also were considered the leading law enforcement organization in London by the 1800’s.

Answer 2

1. The bow street runners.

Question 3

1. Who founded the bow street runners.
2. How were they paid
3. What are the two categories of thief catchers. And what are their DEFINATIONS.

Answer 3

1. Henry Fielding. The magistrate in Westminster.
2. Not as police officers. But as thief-taker rewards. They got a percentage of fines from successful prosecutions.
3. A. Hirelings - motives were mercenary.
   B. Social climbers - implicate their accomplices to move up the ladder.

Question 4

1. Who were England’s first full time police force.
2. What were they known as.
3. Who created them and when.
4. Who many officers were there
5. What 3 things were they required to meet.

Answer 4

1. the London metropolitan police.
2. BOBBIES.
3. Sir Robert peel. 1829
4. About 1,000
5. A. Rigid standards of professionalism.
   B. height and weight requirements.
   C. Standards of literacy and character.

Question 5

1. When was England’s first detective bureau established (within Londons metropolitan police - bobbies ).
2. What is the headquarters called for the LONDON METROPOLITAN POLICE ( bobbies )

Answer 5

1. 1842.

2. Scotland Yard.

Question 6

1. Where were the first professional police forces established in the United States.
2. When.

Answer 6

1. A. Boston
   B. New York.
   C. Philadelphia.
2. The mid 1800’s.

Question 7

1. What are the 3 significant elements which had an impact on criminal investigation.

Answer 7

1. A. Municipal police were supplemented by the county sheriffs in rural areas.
   B. The Texas Rangers were established.
   C. Police functions were expanded by the establishment of federal agencies including the US Marshall service and the secret service.

Question 8

1. What can the early beginnings of criminal investigation in the UNITED STATES be linked to.

Answer 8

1. The founding of Pinkertons National Detective Agency.

Question 9

1. Who founded Pinkertons national detective agency.
2. Who adopted Pinkertons national detective agency’s organizational structure.
3. What did the do

10

Answer 9

1. Allan Pinkerton. (1850).
2. The FBI.
3. Called to communities to handle investigations that local law enforcement could not due to incompetency or limited resources.

Question 10

1. What is the Bertillon system.

2. What are the 3 aspects.

Answer 10

1. An idea that certain aspects of the human body remain the same after maturity.
2. A. Skeletal size.
   B. Ear shaping.
   C. Eye color.

Question 11

1. What act dealt with prohibition
2. What did the act prohibit.
3. What did the act NOT PROHIBIT.

Answer 11

1. The Volstead act of prohibition.
2. It prohibited
   A. The sale.
   B. Transportation.
   C. And manufacturing of alcohol.
3. It DID NOT prohibit.
   A. The purchase or
   B. Consumption of alcohol.

Question 12

1. What were the 3 early advancements in forensic science.

Answer 12

1. A. Serology.
   B. Forensic denistry.
   C. Ballistics.

Question 13

1. What is serology.
2. What is forensic denistry.
3. What is ballistics.

Answer 13

1. The study of human blood Stains and to distinguish human blood from most other animals.
2. The scientific examination of dental records.
3. The science of tracking the path of a bullet.

Question 14

1. What 7 areas of expertise does the AMERICAN ACADEMY of FORENSIC SCIENCES include.

Answer 14

1. 
     A. Pathology. 
     B. Biology. 
     C. Toxicology. 
     D. Questioned documents. 
     E. Criminalistics. 
     F. Forensic odontology. 
     G. Forensic anthropology

Question 15

1. What is pathology.
2. What is toxicology.
3. What is criminalistics.

Answer 15

1. principles of medicine which are applied to determine a cause of death or injury for a legal inquiry.
2. The study of drugs and poisons on or in the human body.
3. Another word for forensics.

Question 16

1. What are questioned documents.

Answer 16

1. Examination of data appearing on paper including 
     A. Handwriting.  
     B. Hand printing. 
     C. Typewriting. 
     D. Printing. 
     E. Erasers. 
     F. Alterations. 
     G. Intended writing. 
     H. Obliterations.

Question 17

1. What is odontology.

2. What is anthropology

Answer 17

1. The study of teeth.

2. The identification and study of skeletonized human remains.

Question 18

1. What is cryptanalysis.

2. Who uses cryptanalysis.

Answer 18

1. Decrypts manual codes and ciphers found in written communication.

2. 
     A. Terrorists. 
     B. Intell agents. 
     C. Members. 
     D. Inmates. 
     E. Violent criminals.

Question 19

1. What is racketeering
2. What is latent print analysis.
3. What is forensic entomology.

20

Answer 19

1. Examine and decode records from illicit businesses.
2. Using friction ridge analysis to develop fingerprints
3. The Study of insects.

Question 20

1. What two methods are used for the practice of considering evidence and drawing conclusions about it. These methods allow the investigator to make inferences regarding what is known about the crime and the evidence connected to it.

Answer 20

1. Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.

Question 21

1. What is inductive reasoning.

Answer 21

1. Reasoning that takes us behind what we know to draw conclusions about what we don’t know
2. This ice is cold. Therefore all ice is cold.All his victims are women. So he does not kill me.

Question 22

1. What is deductive reasoning.

2. Example.

Answer 22

1. Reasoning based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty.

Identifying muddy footprints outside of the window of a burglary.

Question 23

1. What did the RAND CORPORATION deal with.

2. What crimes did the rand study focus on

Answer 23

1. Policy recommendations.
2. Index offenses -
   A. Murder.
   B. Robbery.
   C. Rape.

Question 24

1. What policy recommendations did the RAND STUDY include.

Answer 24

1. A. Post arrest activities should be coordinated more closely with the prosecutors office. B. The investigative role of the patrol officers should be expanded. C. Additional resources should be established to process, organize , and search for latent prints. D. Investigators should distinguish between cases that can be handled cleric ally and those that need specially trained investigators.

Question 25

1. What did the PERF STUDY focus on. | 2. What crimes were focused on

Answer 25

1. The roles played by detectives and patrol officers in burglary and robbery investigations. 2. Burglary and robbery.

Question 26

1. What 5 things did the PERF STUDY conclude.

Answer 26

1. A. Detectives and officers contribute equally to the resolution of burglary and robbery cases. B. In most cases a period of 4 hours ( over time ) is sufficient to close a care. C. Most 75 percent of burglary and robbery cases are suspended in less then 2 days due to lack of leads. D. Detectives play a major role in follow up investigations. E. Both parties are too reliant on victim and witness information to identify a suspect

Question 27

1. What are the 6 primary objectives of criminal investigation.

Answer 27

1. Detect crime. 2. Locate and identify suspects. 3. Locate , document , and preserve evidence. 4. Arrest suspects. 5. Recover stolen property. 6. Prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution.

Question 28

1. What is the role of the criminal investigator -3.

Answer 28

1. Gather crime information. 2. Making arrests. 3. Prepare cases for prosecution and trial

Question 29

1. What is the patrol officers role in the investigation process. 4 30

Answer 29

1. Provide immediate assistance to victims. 2. Locate witnesses. 3. Interview victims and witnesses. 4. Record information about the crime scene

Question 30

1. What is abduction. 2. What are major case squads. 3. What are the 3 different criminal investigation responses.

Answer 30

1. The process of proposing a likely explanation for an event , that then must be tested. 2. Multi-jurisdictional teams. 3. A. Reactive response. B. Proactive response. C. Preventive response.

Question 31

1. What is a reactive response.

Answer 31

1. Addresses crimes that have already occurred. -respond to a crime , collect evidence , locate witnesses , and identify a suspect.

Question 32

1. What is a proactive response.

Answer 32

1. Anticipating criminal activity - vice or organized crime. A. The investigation is conducted before the crime is committed. B. The suspect is identified before the crime is committed.

Question 33

1. What is a preventive response.

Answer 33

1. Prevention of crime through deterrence. By arresting the criminal and aggressive prosecution.

Question 34

1. What is the premise behind the criminal investigation field.

Answer 34

1. That People make mistakes while committing crimes.