CHAPTER D

Question 0

1. What does the general chemistry subunit do

2

Answer 0

1. Identifies dyed and chemicals used in bank security.
2. Analyses controlled substances.
3. Compares stains or markings with suspected sources.
4. Conducts analyzes on questioned ink.
5. Analyzes chemical analysis on unknown solids and liquids.
6. Performs pharmaceutical identification

Question 1

1. A crime laboratorys chemistry section is divided into subunits. What are those 3 subunits.

1

Answer 1

1. General chemistry subunit.
2. Toxicology subunit.
3. Parts and polymers subunit.

Question 2

1. What does the toxicology subunit do

3

Answer 2

1. Conducts analysis of drugs or poisons in food and biological specimens.
2. Investigates claims of product tampering.

Question 3

1. What does the paints and polymers subunit do 5

4

Answer 3

1. Analyze paint chips
2. Analyzes paint on cars to determine make model and year
3. Compared plastics.
4. Analyzes tape
5. Analyzes caulks , seekers , and adhesives

Question 4

1. What is the POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TECHNIQUE

5

Answer 4

1. Process in which DNA strips can be rapidly reproduced fit scientific analysis

Question 5

1. What sections are usually included in a crime laboratory. 7

6

Answer 5

1. Trace evidence.
2. Questioned documents.
3. Forensic chemistry unit.
4. DNA analysis.
5. Ballistics.
6. Latent prints.
7. Forensic photography.

Question 6

1. What are the 3 main types of fingerprints.

Answer 6

1. Latent fingerprints.
2. Plastic fingerprints.
3. Visible fingerprints.

Question 7

1. What are latent fingerprints. When do they occur

Answer 7

1. They occur when an entire pattern of whorls on the finger , which contain small amount of grease, oil, perspiration, or dirt, is transferred to an object when it is touched.

Question 8

1. What is a plastic fingerprint

Answer 8

1. It results when a finger pressed against plastic material and leaves a negative impression of friction ridges.

Question 9

1. What is a visible fingerprint.
2. What is it also called

10

Answer 9

1. A print that has been adulterated with foreign matter.

2. Also called s dust print

Question 10

1. What are the 3 general groups of fingerprint patterns.

2. Those three patterns can be divided into smaller patterns what are the 7 smaller patterns between the same groups.

Answer 10

1. A. Arches.
   B. Loops.
   C. Whorls.

2. 
     A. Arch loop. 
     B. Whorl. 
     C. Plain radial. 
     D. Plain tented.
     E. Ulnar. 
     F. Accidental double. 
     G. Central pocket.

Question 11

1. What are the 6 ways a fingerprint can be developed.

Answer 11

1. 
     A. Powders. 
     B. Iodine. 
     C. Ninhydrin. 
     D. Silver nitrate. 
     E. Superglue fuming 
     F. Lasers.

Question 12

2. What does amino black protein do.
3. What is amino black protein
4. How is it used for fingerprinting

Answer 12

2. It’s used in biochemical research to stain for total protein on transferred membrane blots.
3. An amino acid staining diazo dye.
4. It detects blood present with fingerprints by staining the proteins in blood a blue black color.

Question 13

1. What is AFIS. - automated fingerprint identification system.
2. Who was it developed and maintained by.
3. What type of fingerprint system is AFIS
4. What can AFIS determine.

Answer 13

1. A fingerprint system.
2. The FBI.
3. It’s s 10 print system for searching fingerprints.
4. It can determine is a person has a prior arrest record. And then maintains a criminal arrest record history

Question 14

1. What 5 functions can AFIS do.

Answer 14

1. Enhance image quality of a print.
2. Compare a 10 print resort to the criminal fingerprint repository.
3. Search for prints when no suspect exists.
4. Automatic searches of new arrest prints against unsolved prints
5. Create files of print records to support major cases

Question 15

1. Who first discovered using fingerprints.

Answer 15

1. William Herschel

Question 16

1. What should be done with clearly visible fingerprints. Before they are attempted to be developed.
2. What should be done with wet fingerprints. Prior to attempting to be developed.

Answer 16

1. They should be photographed.

2. They should be allowed to dry first.

Question 17

1. What should u use to develop a fingerprint which is unseen
2. How.
3. What kind of powder should be used
4. What two powder colors are usually the best for developing a print
5. What surface should Gray powder be used for.
6. What surface should black powder he used for

Answer 17

1. Use powder.
2. The powder is lightly brushed over the print area so it will adhere to the oils of on the surface and develop a print pattern.
3. The powder should contrast with the color of the surface of the print.
4. A. Black
   B. Gray.
5. Gray for dark Backgrounds.
6. Black for light backgrounds.

Question 18

1. What 4 types of brush should be used for developing prints.
2. What is a manga brush
3. How do beginners usually mess up fingerprinting.

Answer 18

1. A small camel hair brush.
2. A Nylon brush.
3. A fiberglass brush.
4. A manga brush.
5. A magnetic brush that uses magnetic powder.
6. By using too much powder. And too little brushing.

Question 19

1. What 2 surfaces do investigators use fluorescent powders on
2. What are the 2 forms of fluorescent powders
3. What is done before the powders are used

20

Answer 19

1. A. Currency.
   B. Documents.
2. A. Powder.
   B. Aerosol
3. An ultraviolet examines the first to display any prints.

Question 20

1. What is iodnine for fingerprinting.
2. What is a negative of it.
3. What surfaces if iodine best used for
4. What is a benefit

Answer 20

1. It attacks the object and changes its color.
2. It fades quickly after process stops.
3. Wood and paper.
4. It shows multiple prints at the same time

Question 21

1. How does ninhydrin develop prints
2. What are the two solutions used for ninhydrin.
3. How can the ninhydrin be applied 3 ways.
4. What the preferred way
5. How long before the print will develop

Answer 21

1. By using amino acids present in perspiration.
2. Powder and aerosol
3. A. Spraying.
   B. Dipping.
   C. Brushing.
4. Spraying
5. Between 1 and 24 hours

Question 22

1. How does silver nitrate develop prints

2. After the solution and print dry. How is the print discovered.

Answer 22

1. It causes a reaction of sodium chloride present in perspiration.
2. By putting it in sunlight

Question 23

1. How does superglue fuming develop prints.

2. What 8 surfaces is superglue best used for

Answer 23

1. Fumes from superglue adhere to the friction ridges and then harden developing the print. Place glue in an airtight container.

2. 
     A. Plastic bags. 
     B. Mets foil.  
     C. Waxed paper.  
     D. Lacquered wood. 
     E. Leather. 
     F. All hard surfaces. 
     G. Fruit. 
     H. Vegetables.  
     I. Dinner rolls.

Question 24

1. How do lasers detect prints. 2. What 3 lasers are used. 3. What two methods of developing prints can be used to detect prints that age is of no importance.

Answer 24

1. By using laser technology. 2. A. Argon ion laser. b. Copper vapor laser. E. Neodymium laser YAG. 3. A. Ninhydrin B. Laser

Question 25

1. What is IAFIS. - integrated automated fingerprint identification system

Answer 25

1. A national fingerprint and criminal history database maintained by the FBI.

Question 26

1. What is DNA | 2. What 5 elements does DNA consist of.

Answer 26

1. A genetic blueprint of an organism. ``` 2. A. Carbon. B. Hydrogen. C. Oxygen. D. Nitrogen. E. Phosphorus. ```

Question 27

1. What two standards are used to govern the admissibility of scientific evidence in court.

Answer 27

1. A. The relevancy test. B. The Frye test.

Question 28

1. What is the relevancy test.

Answer 28

1. Permits the admission of relevant evidence that is helpful to the trier of fact.

Question 29

1. What is the Frye test. 30

Answer 29

1. Courts accept evidence based on scientific techniques only when the technique has gained general acceptance in the scientific community.

Question 30

1. What is the DAUBERT STANDARD. | 2. What must the testimony be for the DAUBERT standard to be met

Answer 30

1. A legal precedent regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony during federal legal prefer dings. 2. It just be relevant and reliable

Question 31

1. What two fields just handwriting experts be knowledgable about 2. What are questioned documents. 3. What two things are needed for questioned documents for handwriting analysis to be compared 4. What are the two types of exemplars.

Answer 31

1. A. Photography B. Microscopy. 2. Any object containing markings. 3. A. The suspected document. B. And a sample / exemplar. 4. A. The requested B. The collected.

Question 32

1. Requesting a suspect to write s sample for analysis or comparison does not violate what ammendnent 2. A suspect cannot refuse.

Answer 32

1. The 5th ammendnent. ( self incrimination ). | 2. True.

Question 33

1. What is a facial composite. | 2. What 5 ways can a facial composite help law enforcement

Answer 33

1. When a witness provides a description to a police artist. 2. A. The citizen recognizing the face as an acquaintance. B. Identifying the suspect in a wanted poster C. Additional evidence against the suspect. D. Assisting the investigation in checking leads. E. Warning the public against serial offenders.

Question 34

1. What does the FBI say is shill his best way to do a facial composite. 2. What is the most commonly used software among police to do a facial composite.

Answer 34

1. Through a hand drawing. | 2. Faces

Question 35

1. What are the 3 types of profiling.

Answer 35

1. A. Criminal investigative analysis / personality profiling. B. Investigative psychology C. Geographic profiling.

Question 36

1. What 2 ways is criminal investigative / personality profiling accomplished.

Answer 36

1. A. It's accomplished by identifying the psychological and social characteristics surrounding the crime B. as well as the manner in which it was committed.

Question 37

1. How is investigative psychology accomplished.

Answer 37

1. A. By bringing together the retrieval of investigative information B. And draws inferences as far as the ways that policing decision making can be supported through scientific research 2. Technique realized that hate, passion, fear, and confusion may all have certain indicators somewhere at the scene

Question 38

1. How is geographic profiling accomplished

Answer 38

1. It analyzes the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine where the offender most likely lives

Question 39

1. What is profiling In a criminal investigation based on the notion of 40

Answer 39

1. Motion that crime is directly or indirectly based in the personality of the person committing it

Question 40

1. What 6 pieces of information does the profiling technique require

Answer 40

1. A. Photographs of the extent and deph of wounds. B. Neighborhood information. C. Medical examiners report. D. Map of the victims travel before death. E. Complete investigation report of the incident F. Background of the victim.

Question 41

1. What is the psychological profiling technique.

Answer 41

1. Technique realized that hate, passion, fear, and confusion may all have certain indicators somewhere at the scene

Question 42

1. What are the 3 main goals of profiling.

Answer 42

1. A. To provide law enforcement with a social and psychological assessment of the offender. B. Provide law enforcement a psychological evaluation of belongings found in the offenders possession. C. Give suggestions and strategies for the interview process.

Question 43

1. What is case linkage. | 2. How is this done.

Answer 43

1. The process of determining if there are discrete connections between two or more previously unrelated cases. 2. Through crime scene analysis.

Question 44

1. What 4 factors contribute to witness misidentification.

Answer 44

1. A. Human perception tends to be inaccurate. Especially under stress. B. A witness may be easily influenced by suggestions conveyed to him during the process. C. Police may provide suggestive words or conduct. D. Police may make actions that cause erroneous identification

Question 45

1. What is the single greatest cause for wrongful convictions nationwide. 2. What percent were overturned by DNA testing 3. What can't police be during the identification process

Answer 45

1. Eyewitness misidentification 2. Over 75 percent. 3. Subjective

Question 46

1. What 6 factors will the court consider for the totality of circumstances for identification

Answer 46

1. A. The opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime B. The witness's degree of attention. C. The accuracy of the witnesses prior description of the criminal. D. The level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation. E. The length of time between the crime and confrontation. F. Weather the witness was a casual observer or victim.

Question 47

1. What is the purpose of a police lineup 2. How many people age generally in a live lineup 3. How many in a photo lineup 4. What are the 2 most common types of lineups.

Answer 47

1. To identity a suspect. 2. 5 or 6 people total. 3. 6 or more total. 4. A. Simultaneous lineup. B. Sequential lineup.

Question 48

1. What is a simultaneous lineup. 2. What is a sequential lineup 3. Which lineup is used most by departments 4. What 2 things can the lineup administrator me. 5. What is the double blind

Answer 48

1. Eyewitnesses view all the people or photos at the same time. 2. Eyewitnesses view all the people or photos one at a time. 3. The simultaneous lineup 4. A. Blind. B. Non blind. 5. Neither the victim or investigator know the identity of the suspect

Question 49

1. What do victims tend to use in a simultaneous lineup | 2. What do victims tend to use in a sequential lineup

Answer 49

1. Relative judgement. - they compare and pick the closest one 2. Absolute judgement