CHAPTER C

Question 0

1. What are the 5 key elements to a preliminary investigation.

2

Answer 0

1. A. Securing the crime scene.
   B. Considering the possible arrest of a suspect.
   C. Locating and questioning witnesses and victims.
   D. Documenting the crime scene
   E. Identifying and collecting evidence.

Question 1

1. What is a preliminary investigation. 2

1

Answer 1

1. A. An initial inquiry by officers to establish facts and circumstances of a suspected crime.
   B. To preserve any evidence related to that crime.

Question 2

1. When collecting evidence. What principle theory is important to remember.

3

Answer 2

1. The locard exchange principle.

Question 3

1. What is the locard exchange principle.
2. What else is the locard exchange principle know as.
3. Where is Locards exchange theory applied.
4. What will then happen
5. What is left because of Locards principle

4

Answer 3

1. Every contact leaves a trace.
2. The transfer of evidence theory.
3. To every crime scene where the perpetrator of a crime comes into contact with the scene.
4. He or she will both bring something into the scene and leave with something from the scene
5. Trace evidence

Question 4

1. When does contamination of evidence at a crime scene usually and most commonly occur. 3

5

Answer 4

1. A. When it’s not properly secured.
   B. When it’s wrongfully mixed with Other types of evidence.
   C. Or is altered significantly from its original condition at the crime scene

Question 5

1. What is Trace evidence.

6

Answer 5

1. Any type of material left at it taken from a crime scene or the result of contact between two surfaces.

Question 6

1. What are the two main types of evidence classifications.

7

Answer 6

1. A. Corpus delicti.
   B. Associative evidence

Question 7

1. What is corpus delicti evidence.
2. Example

8

Answer 7

1. Evidence that establishes that a crime has been committed.
2. Pry marks on a door jam.

Question 8

1. What is associative evidence.
2. Example

9

Answer 8

1. Evidence that links a suspect to a crime

2. Fingerprints. Footprints. A blood stain

Question 9

1. What are the 6 examples of evidence.

10

10

Answer 9

1. 
     A. Physical evidence. 
     B. Direct or prima facie evidence. 
     C. Indirect or circumstantial evidence. 
     D. Testimonial evidence. 
     E. Trace evidence. 
     F. Demonstrative evidence.

Question 10

1. What is physical evidence.

11

Answer 10

1. Self explanatory evidence. Speaks for itself.

Weapons, blood , drugs. Etc.

Question 11

1. What is direct or prima facie evidence.
2. Example

12

Answer 11

1. Evidence established by law. That at face value proves a fact in dispute.
2. The law that says the minimum blood alcohol content for DUI.

Question 12

1. What is indirect or circumstantial evidence
2. Example

13

Answer 12

1. Intends to incriminate a person without offering actual proof.
2. Footprints outside of a burglary doesn’t establish that he or she is the burglar.

Question 13

1. What is testimonial evidence.
2. Example

14

Answer 13

1. Verbal statements offered in court under oath.

2. Testimony

Question 14

1. What is Trace evidence.
2. Example

15

Answer 14

1. Extremely small items of evidence. With the aid of modern forensic analysis it can be examined.
2. Hair or clothing fibers.

Question 15

1. What is demonstrative evidence.
2. Example

16

Answer 15

1. Evidence used to demonstrate or clarify an issue rather then prove something.
2. Child uses doll to aid in testimony

Question 16

1. What amendment protects us from search and seizure.

17

Answer 16

1. The 4th amendment.

Question 17

1. What are the 7 actions of the first officers duty while going to a scene.

18

Answer 17

1. Actions while enroute to the scene - Be alert while enroute to the scene to perps or fleeing vehicles.
2. Initial actions upon arrival - verify a crime was committed.
3. Provide assistance to victims , witnesses , and bystanders.
4. Arrest the perp.
5. Follow up communications with HQ. - provide into or flash.
6. Identify witnesses and vehicles.
7. Brief the supervisors.

Question 18

1. What is one important function of the responding officers to a scene.
2. What could happen if the crime scene is disturbed.

19

Answer 18

1. Secure the scene. Make sure it’s not unnecessarily disturbed.
2. Vital evidence could be lost

Question 19

1. What 3 things could unnecessary or improper entry into a crime scene do.

20

Answer 19

1. A. Destroy or contaminate evidence.
   B. Introduce items or substances into the crime scene that may mislead investigators.
   C. Provide defense attorneys with a basis for discrediting the investigators or their findings of s crime lab.

Question 20

1. Responding officers should only enter a crime scene for Beth limited purposes. What are the 4 reasons.

21

Answer 20

1. 
     A. Determining a crime has been committed. 
     B. Aiding victims. 
     C. Apprehending perpetrators. 
     D. Securing the area.

Question 21

1. Evidence at a crime scene serves 4 objectives. What are they.

22

Answer 21

1. A. To determine the facts of the crime.
   B. To identity the lawbreaker.
   C. To aid in the perpetrators arrest.
   D. To aid in the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators.

Question 22

1. The search of a crime scene consists of 4 phases. What are they
2. What 2 things must the search be.

23

Answer 22

1. 
     A. Surveying the scene. 
     B. Documenting the scene through sketches. 
     C. Recording physical evidence. 
     D. Searching for fingerprints. 

2. A. Thorough.
   B. Systematic.

Question 23

1. What is the chain of custody

24

Answer 23

1. The total accounting of evidence

Question 24

1. What are the obvious Signs of death. 4. 25

Answer 24

``` 1. A. Odor. B. Decomposition. C. Lividity. D. Rigor Mortis. ```

Question 25

1. For a hanging victim. What should careful attention be paid attention to. In order to protect. 2. Why. 3. Why again 26

Answer 25

1. The knot on the noose. 2. Because many investigative leads may be developed by the rope used for the hanging. 3. Because suicide may be a cover up for himicide.

Question 26

1. If officers must cut down a handing victim, how should the rope be cut. 2. What also should care be given to 27

Answer 26

1. Cut far above the knot so that the knot can be preserved for examination. 2. Care to support the body as best as possible

Question 27

1. How should u pick up a firearm at a scene 2. Just like DNA and FINGERPRINTS what is also considered LATENT EVIDENCE. 28

Answer 27

1. Using two fingers on the textured part of the grip where no fingerprints can be removed 2. A. Electronic surveillance.

Question 28

1. What are the 4 special characteristics of electronic evidence. 29

Answer 28

1. A. It is latent. B. It can transcend national and state borders quickly and easily. C. It is fragile and can be altered , damaged , compromised , or destroyed. D. It may not be time sensitive.

Question 29

1. What 4 objectives does evidence discovered at a crime scene serve. 30

Answer 29

1. A. To determine the facts of the crime. B. To identify the lawbreaker. C. To aid in the arrest of the perpetrator. D. To aid in the criminal prosecution of the perp.

Question 30

1. What are the 4 distinct phases of a crime scene search. 31

Answer 30

1. A. Surveying the crime scene. B. Documenting the crime scene through sketches and photos. C. Recording all physical evidence. D. Searching for fingerprints.

Question 31

1. What are the 4 most common search patterns for searching a crime scene. 32

Answer 31

1. A. The spiral search method. B. The grid search method. C. The strip or line search method. D. The quadrant or zone search method.

Question 32

1. How many officers should search an indoor crime scene. 2. What is the best method for an indoor search. 33

Answer 32

1. At least two officers. | 2. The quadrant or zone search.

Question 33

1. What is a quadrant or zone search. 2. This will result in each half of the room being searched how many times. 34

Answer 33

1. Done by dividing the room in half and having each investigator search half of the room. At the conclusion of the search switch halves. 2. Twice

Question 34

1. What is the best method for searching an outdoor crime scene. 35

Answer 34

1. The grid method.

Question 35

1. What is the grid method for a search. 2. How many square feet is each small grid about. 36

Answer 35

1. Rope off the scene into a grid. | 2. About 6 square feet.

Question 36

1. What 2 areas of a cartridge are used for identification. 2. When removing a bullet from a crime scene. Ho should this be done if the bullet is lodged in something. 37

Answer 36

1. A. The rim/cannelure B. The base. 2. Remove the material around the bullet. And submit it all together.

Question 37

1. What is the greatest contributer to the commission of a crime 38

Answer 37

1. Drug abuse

Question 38

1. What does a follow up investigation do 39

Answer 38

1. It builds ok what has been learned in the preliminary investigation.

Question 39

1. The tasks required for a follow up investigator include. 6. 40

Answer 39

1. A. Analyze the reports from officers conducting the preliminary invest. B. Review departmental records and MO. C. Gather information on friends and associates of suspects. D. Examine the victims background. E. Check police Intell files to develop a suspect F. Organize police actions. Such as canvass raid search warrants.