7th Grade - History > Chapter Two > Flashcards

Chapter Two Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the restrictions for colonization from Spain?

A

The Spanish sent noblemen, slaves, priests

This indicates the structured approach Spain took in establishing its colonies, focusing on social hierarchy and religious influence.

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2
Q

What were the restrictions for colonization from France?

A

The French only allowed Catholics.

This reflects France’s emphasis on Catholicism as a central part of their colonial policy.

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3
Q

Did England have any restrictions for colonization?

A

They let almost anyone join the English Colonies.

This inclusivity contributed to the diverse population in English colonies.

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4
Q

What were the primary motivations for English colonization?

A

Most settlers were searching for religious freedom and economic opportunities.

Many settlers were unhappy with the Church of England or the Anglican Church.

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5
Q

What are joint stock companies?

A

Corporations where groups of Englishmen pooled money and allowed others to buy shares of stock.

These companies were crucial in financing colonial ventures.

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6
Q

What happens in joint-stock colonies when there is a failure or success?

A

Failure meant the loss of the amount invested; success meant profits were split according to the number of shares.

This model is a precursor to modern corporate structures.

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7
Q

What are the three types of colonies?

A
  • Royal colonies
  • Proprietary colonies
  • Charter colonies

Each type of colony had different governance and control structures.

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8
Q

Define royal colonies.

A

Colonies the king had direct control over.

Royal colonies were directly governed by the monarchy.

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9
Q

Define proprietary colonies.

A

Colonies given by the king to individuals or groups.

These colonies were often granted to loyal subjects of the king.

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10
Q

Define charter colonies.

A

Colonies governed by a charter granted by the king to joint stock companies.

This type of colony had a degree of self-governance based on the charter.

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11
Q

Why was Plymouth established?

A

Religious freedom for the Pilgrims (Separatists)

Established in 1620.

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12
Q

What was the purpose of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A

Religious freedom for Puritans

Founded in 1630.

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13
Q

Who founded Rhode Island and why?

A

Founded by Roger Williams for religious tolerance and separation of Church and State

Established in 1631.

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14
Q

What led to the founding of Connecticut?

A

Overcrowding

Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1639; adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

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15
Q

Why did colonists move to New Hampshire?

A

Overcrowding led colonists North

Established around 1670.

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16
Q

What are royal colonies?

A

Colonies the king had direct control over

Examples include Virginia, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

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17
Q

What are proprietary colonies?

A

Colonies given by the king to individuals or groups

Examples include Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

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18
Q

What are charter colonies?

A

Colonies governed by a charter granted by the king to joint stock companies

Examples include Massachusetts, Virginia, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

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19
Q

What struggles did the Pilgrims face on their journey?

A

Storms drove the ship off course, hunger, sickness, winter weather

Half the colonists died during the first winter.

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20
Q

Who helped the Pilgrims farm and survive?

A

Squanto

Played a crucial role in their survival.

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21
Q

Who became governor of Plymouth in 1621?

A

William Bradford

Key figure in the early governance of Plymouth.

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22
Q

What religious group were the Pilgrims a part of?

A

Separatists, a branch of Puritans

They sought to separate from the Church of England.

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23
Q

What did Separatists believe?

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A

They wanted to completely separate from the Anglican Church.

Separatists sought a distinct religious identity apart from the established church.

24
Q

What did Puritans believe?

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A

Members of the Anglican Church who wanted to purify it of Roman Catholic practices and ceremonies.

Puritans aimed for reforms within the church rather than separation.

25
Know about the founding of Massachusetts Bay colony.
Founded by Puritans in 1630. Led by John Winthrop. ## Footnote The colony was established as a refuge for Puritans seeking to practice their faith freely.
26
Who wanted Massachusetts Bay to be a 'city on a hill'?
John Winthrop. ## Footnote Winthrop envisioned the colony as a model society for others to emulate.
27
Why did Roger Williams leave Massachusetts Bay? What colony did he found?
He disagreed with Puritan leaders. He founded Providence which later became part of Rhode Island. ## Footnote Williams believed that true worship should not be influenced by those who did not share the faith.
28
What colony was founded because there was a population boom in the Massachusetts Bay colony?
New Hampshire. ## Footnote The growth in population led to the establishment of new settlements in the region.
29
What is considered the first written constitution in America?
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639). ## Footnote This document established a framework for government in the Connecticut colony.
30
Which country founded colonies in the Middle Colonies first?
The Dutch (Netherlands). ## Footnote The Dutch established New Netherland, focusing on trade and resource extraction.
31
What was the motivation behind the Dutch founding New Netherland?
Their motivation was trading and they were focused on finding gold and furs. ## Footnote The pursuit of profitable trade routes was a key driver for colonization.
32
What was life like in the New Netherlands?
Many farmers were successful but the development of new land did not bring as much profit as they hoped. ## Footnote This indicates that while agriculture had potential, the economic returns were not as high as expected.
33
What is a patroon?
Recipients of large grants of land were called patroons. ## Footnote Patroons played a significant role in the land distribution and settlement patterns in the New Netherlands.
34
Why did the English want the Middle Colonies?
To control valuable trade routes (Hudson River) and expand territory (South). ## Footnote This reflects the strategic importance of the Middle Colonies in terms of trade and territorial expansion.
35
Which English nobleman was granted land rights for the Middle Colonies by the king?
James the Duke of York by King Charles II. ## Footnote The Duke of York's acquisition of land was a key moment in the colonial expansion of England.
36
What did he rename the New Netherlands?
New York. ## Footnote This renaming marked the transition from Dutch to English control in the region.
37
Who received land that was part of New York? What was it named?
Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley received the southern portion of land, which was named New Jersey. ## Footnote The division of New York into New Jersey reflects the colonial land distribution practices of the time.
38
Know about the founding of Pennsylvania and Delaware.
Pennsylvania - Founded by William Penn. Established because of persecution in England. Their nickname was the Quakers. Quakers viewed all people as equal. Delaware - Settled by the Swedish in the 1630s. ## Footnote Pennsylvania's founding was significant for its religious tolerance, while Delaware's early settlement highlights the diverse colonial influences.
39
Why was William Penn given land by Charles II?
King Charles II owed Penn's father a large sum of money ## Footnote Penn paid the Indians for the land and made friends with them.
40
What was William Penn's purpose for founding the colony?
To establish a haven for himself and his persecuted Quaker friends, ruled by 'brotherly love' ## Footnote This reflects the Quaker values of equality and peace.
41
What do the Quakers believe?
They view all people as equal and believe in an 'inner light' guiding them instead of the Bible ## Footnote Quakers are also known as the Society of Friends.
42
Who originally founded Delaware?
The Swedes ## Footnote This highlights the early European exploration and settlement in North America.
43
What were the reasons for founding Virginia?
Economic reasons (money) ## Footnote Virginia was primarily established for profit through agriculture and resource extraction.
44
What was the purpose of founding Maryland?
To serve as a safe haven for Catholics ## Footnote This was in response to religious persecution faced by Catholics in England.
45
Why were the Carolinas founded?
As a reward for loyalty to King Charles II ## Footnote The Carolinas were granted to supporters of the king after the English Civil War.
46
What was the purpose of founding Georgia?
To act as a buffer zone to keep the Spanish at a distance ## Footnote Georgia was also intended to provide a fresh start for debtors and the poor.
47
Which colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics?
Maryland ## Footnote Maryland played a crucial role in the early history of religious freedom in America.
48
Which colony passed the first official law guaranteeing religious freedom?
Maryland ## Footnote The law was called the Act of Toleration in 1649.
49
Who is Lord Baltimore?
The title for George Calvert, the founder of Maryland ## Footnote Lord Baltimore played a key role in the establishment of Maryland.
50
What were the main cash crops of the Carolinas?
Tobacco, rice, indigo
51
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe ## Footnote Georgia was founded for debtors to be able to work and also served as a buffer colony against the Spanish.
52
What was Georgia's first settlement?
Savannah
53
Fill in the blank: English settlers would want to come to America for _______.
[economic, religious, political, adventure/opportunity]
54
What are the economic reasons for English settlers to come to America?
Opportunity for land ownership, farming, trade, and natural resources
55
What are the religious reasons for English settlers to come to America?
Freedom to practice their beliefs (Pilgrims, Puritans, Catholics, Quakers)
56
What are the political reasons for English settlers to come to America?
Escape from strict rule in England and chance for more self-government
57
What is an adventure/opportunity reason for English settlers to come to America?
A new start in life and the hope of a better future
7th Grade - History
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