Cold war

Question 1

What was agreed at the Tehran conference?
3 things

Answer 1

USA and Britain would open a second front against Nazis
Stalin would declare war on Japan
UN will be created

Question 2

Who was in the grand alliance?

Answer 2

Winston Churchill
Franklin Roosevelt
Joseph Stalin

Question 3

What was agreed in Yalta 1945?

Answer 3

Germany was split into four zones, controlled by USA, Britain, France and Soviet Union.
Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan.
Poland borders will be returned to their position.

Question 4

What was agreed at Potsdam 1945?

Answer 4

Germany would be divided into four zones.

Question 5

In 1945 who in the grand alliance was replaced?
By who?

Answer 5

Roosevelt - Truman
Churchill - Attlee

Question 6

What sources can you use about the Iron Curtain?

Answer 6

American - Long telegram
against the USSR
Britain - Churchill’s speech
USSR trying to take control of Europe
USSR - Telegram
USA are trying to take over the world

Question 7

How did the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki help America to gain popularity?

Answer 7

Western Europe felt more confidence about placing themself under American protection.
USA hoped having an atomic bomb would persuade Stalin to allow Eastern European countries more freedom.
Tensions increased.

Question 8

What are satellite countries and what are two examples?

Answer 8

Under control of USSR but are individual countries.
Poland and Hungary

Question 9

How did Britain help during the Greek civil war in 1946-49?

Answer 9

Greece is supported financially and with aid.
Stopped all aid in 1947 due to being financially bankrupt.

Question 10

What was the Truman doctrine 1947?

Answer 10

Truman gave a speed in congress announcing economic aid to Greece and Turkey. (400 million USD)
Said USA would stop communism spreading. (contain communism)

Question 11

What was the Marshall plan 1948-52?

Answer 11

Hand out actual aid offered in Truman doctrine. 12.7 billion USD of aid.

Question 12

What was Stalin’s thoughts on the Marshall plan?

Answer 12

Soviet suggested USA was becoming a new colonial power. Stalin saw it as USA trying to extend it’s influence over Europe.

Question 13

What were the 4 consequences of the plan?

Answer 13

Grand Alliance was dead.
Stalin’s suspicions of USA reinforced.
Tied Europe nations to USA.
Intensive rivalry between East and West.

Question 14

What was Comecon 1949?

Answer 14

Association of Soviet-oriented communist countries to co-ordinate economic development.

Question 15

What was Cominform 1947?

Answer 15

Communist information Bureau established to exchange information among communist countries.

Question 16

What was the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 16

Stopped all allied trains and cars going to Berlin.
Stalin trying to control West Berlin.

Question 17

What was the Berlin airlift and why?
Why couldn’t Stalin stop it?

Answer 17

Americans and British fly supplies into Berlin in 1948-49 as they want to have control and don’t want people to think they are losing.
USSR can’t shoot down planes because it may start a war.

Question 18

What was the Berlin crisis?

Answer 18

Berlin Blockade
Germany splitting into two
Berlin airlift

Question 19

When was NATO created and what is it?
How did it increase tensions?

Answer 19

1949
Western countries formed a ‘defensive alliance’ to protect themselves if one member of the alliance was attacked. They all back each other up.
USSR claim that they are surrounding them.

Question 20

What does Stalin do in retaliation to NATO and why?

Answer 20

Stalin creates the Warsaw pact because he feels threatened.

Question 21

What happened in 1949?

Answer 21

Berlin Blockade cancelled - US victory
Atomic bomb - USSR - draw
China becomes communist - USSR victory

Question 22

What happens in 1950 to Korea?

Answer 22

Korean war due to the North being communist and the South being democratic.
North nearly win then South nearly win but it ends up in a stalemate.

Question 23

What was the arms race?

Answer 23

USA and USSR have atomic bombs
1953 USA have hydrogen bombs (1000 times stronger)
1957 USA have ICBM which can fly 4500 km

Question 24

Who is replaced USA and USSR presidents and what are there thoughts?

Answer 24

In 1953 Eisenhower becomes USA president
He hates communism and the north west
Stalin dies and in 1956 Khrushchev becomes leader and criticises Stalin and talks of peaceful coexistence with USA.

Question 25

What 3 issues did Hungary have?

Answer 25

Since 1949 they had been a one communist state. Fuel and food shortages Lack of freedom

Question 26

What did Nagy do?

Answer 26

Mass protests in 1956 Releases political prisoners and tries to persuade Khrushchev to withdraw troops. He wants to leave the Warsaw pact.

Question 27

What did Khrushchev do in retaliation to Hungary? What was the effect of this? What happened to Nagy?

Answer 27

Invades with 1000 tanks Nagy begs for support but no one helped so 20,000 Hungarians died Nagy was captured and executed 2 years later.

Question 28

What was Khrushchev's Berlin ultimatum? When? 3 things

Answer 28

1958 East Germany should be recognised as an individual country. Berlin should be demilitarized. Berlin should be a 'free city'

Question 29

What 4 talks were had and did tensions increase or decrease?

Answer 29

May 1959 Geneva - decrease Sept 1959 Campo David , USA - decrease Paris 1960 - increase 1961 Vienna, Austria - increase

Question 30

What was the berlin wall? When was it made? Why was it made?

Answer 30

1961 In the middle of the night USSR built a barbed wire fence around West Berlin with a no mans land in the middle. Built to stop 'brain drain'

Question 31

What happened to people if they tried to go over the Berlin wall? Who is an example?

Answer 31

They were shot. Peter Fechter

Question 32

What did Kennedy do in Berlin? What impact did this have on USSR?

Answer 32

He visited Berlin in 1963 and was treated like a celebrity. He made a speech 'Ich bin ein Berliner' - I am a Berliner. Tensions increase with USSR

Question 33

When did Castro become leader of Cuba? What effect does this have on USSR?

Answer 33

1959 and he was communist so the same as USSR and USSR buy sugar from them.

Question 34

Why do tensions increase between USA and Cuba? 5 reasons

Answer 34

Oil, electricity and phones is controlled by USA. USA refused to aid Cuba. Cuba takes control of all foreign land. More communist politicians in Cuba. Trade between Cuba and USSR increased.

Question 35

What was the bay of pigs plan?

Answer 35

Cubans that had fled would be trained by the CIA then invade Cuba and retake control for an American leaning government. It was a failure

Question 36

What 4 reasons for bay of pigs failure?

Answer 36

Little military experience USA was pretending to not be involved. Castro found out about attack and had 20,000 troops waiting to defend. USA assumed that most Cubans would support.

Question 37

What 4 effects did the bay of pigs have on international relations?

Answer 37

USA accursed USSR of 'building an empire' in Eastern Europe. USSR points out how happy Cubans are under communism. Relations worsened between Cuba and USA. Relations improved between Cuba and USSR.

Question 38

When did the Cuban missile crisis happen?

Answer 38

October 1962

Question 39

What happened before the Cuban missile crisis?

Answer 39

USA saw missile stations in Cuba. NATO put missiles in Turkey.

Question 40

What happened during the Cuban missile crisis?

Answer 40

JFK set up a naval blockade and prepared 54 bombers with 4 bombs each. 24th oct Soviets reach blockade and turn back around.

Question 41

What happened after the Cuban missile crisis?

Answer 41

JFK agreed to not invade. Cuban missile sites get removed because Khrushchev sent a telegram offering to remove them if the Americans promised to not invade. Kennedy's brother met Soviet delegations and agreed to remove Turkish missiles.

Question 42

What were 5 consequences of the Cuban missile crisis?

Answer 42

Policy of Brinkmanship Hotline Test ban treaty Outer space treaty Nuclear non-proliferation treaty

Question 43

What was the hotline and when was it set up?

Answer 43

Direct communication line was set up between Washington and Moscow. June 1963

Question 44

What was the Test Ban Treaty and when was it made?

Answer 44

August 1963 USA, USSR and Britain agreed to prohibit the testing of nuclear weapons.

Question 45

What was the Outer Space Treaty and when was it made?

Answer 45

1967 US and USSR agreed not to use space for military purposes. They were competing to explore Earth's orbit.

Question 46

What was the Nuclear non profitable treaty? When?

Answer 46

1968 Stop the spread of nuclear weapons. USA, Britain, USSR, France and Israel signed it and agreed not to share nuclear technology.

Question 47

What impact did the Cuban missile crisis have on Kennedy and Khrushchev?

Answer 47

Kennedy - Popularity increased Khrushchev - Popularity decreased