Correcting micronutrient deficiencies in the communities

Question 1

Micronutrient deficiencies affect more than _________ people in the world.

Also known as “___________” A major public health problem

Answer 1

Two billion

hidden hunger

Question 2

Micro-nutrient deficiencies of public health importance : ?????

Answer 2

Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine, & Zinc (AIIZ)

Question 3

Effects of micronutrient under-nutrition

Long-ranging effects on:
__________
_________ ability and
____________

Answer 3

Health

Learning

Productivity

Question 4

Approaches to combating micronutrient deficiencies - FIN

_________ approaches
__________ education
____________________ approach

Answer 4

Food-based approaches
Nutrition education
Integrated public health approach

Question 5

most effective Approaches to combating micronutrient deficiencies is ?

Answer 5

integrated public health approach

Question 6

Food-based approaches

Viable, _______ and ______-term solutions

FBA combat micronutrient malnutrition
through :
Increased ________
_______ to and Consumption of _______ quantities and appropriate ________ of safe, good quality food.

Answer 6

sustainable ; long-term

availability ; Access

adequate ; varieties

Question 7

Food-based approaches contd…
Examples of food based approaches

Food __________ (_______ term)
Food __________ (__________ term)
Food __________ (__________ term)
Dietary __________(__________ term)
__________ Modification(_______ term)

Answer 7

supplementation; short
fortification (medium term)
production (long term)
diversification(long term)
Behavioural(long term)

Question 8

Food-based approaches contd…

Food supplementation e.g giving ____________ (Short term)

Food fortification e.g garri fortified with _______ rich in _______ (medium term)

Food production e.g planting cassava that can grow within 3 months (using the stem) to make garri if low energy (long term)

Dietary diversification e.g giving ________ that do not exist in that community e.g soya beans(long term)

Behavioural Modification e.g so that they ________________ all that has been listed above (long term)

Answer 8

vit A drugs

palm oil; vit A

seedlings

do not refuse to eat

Question 9

Food supplementation

Food supplements are ___________ sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, whose purpose is to ________ the ________ diet.

Answer 9

concentrated

supplement ; normal diet.

Question 10

Food supplements are marketed ‘in ________ ‘ form, for example as pills, tablets, capsules or liquids in measured doses etc

Answer 10

dose

Question 11

Food fortification
_________ of nutrients that _______________________ naturally in food to improve its overall nutritional quality

Eg Fortification of salt with _______

Identification of other appropriate vehicles: e.g ______, _______

Answer 11

may or may not be present

iron

Sugar, flour

Question 12

Fortified food should be acceptable and affordable

T/F

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Food production

Encouraging _________
Home gardening: Vitamin A,
______-culture
Improved __________ techniques
_________ source foods: Eggs, fish

Answer 13

farming

Aqua-culture

Preservation ; Animal

Question 14

Dietary Diversification& Behavioural Modification

Dietary diversification means ???

Increasing the consumption of foods rich in micro- nutrients such as fruits & vegetables
Production of such foods at home & in the communities.
Requires __________ change!!!
______________ techniques

Answer 14

consumption of as many varieties of food as possible especially locally available foods.

behavioural ; Social marketing

Question 15

Nutrition & Health Education

Basic nutrition principles

Parasitic infestations: ______

Answer 15

iron

Question 16

Prevention and control of Iron deficiency anaemia

Population at risk: children, adolescent , _______,_______ women, women of ___________ age group.

Answer 16

girls; pregnant

reproductive

Question 17

________ is the commonest micronutrient deficiency worldwide and locally

Answer 17

IDA

Question 18

Causes of iron deficiency in Nigeria:
•Inadequate __________ of iron
•________ infestation
•_________ and _________ loss esp. chronic ones
•Poor _________ ____________ of iron (the form in which d iron is present in the food),
u Presence of enhancers & inhibitors.

Answer 18

dietary intake

Parasitic infestation

Diseases ; menstrual

dietary bio-availability

Question 19

iron is better absorbed from ______-based foods compared to _________ foods

Answer 19

animal

Plant

Question 20

________ enhances iron absorption while _______ in _____ inhibits its absorption

Answer 20

Vit C

tannin

tea

Question 21

Strategies to combat IDA

___________ among women of reproductive age and children (not just _________ women)
Establishment of feasible, effective and sustainable methods of food ____________ with iron (——- & _______)

Answer 21

Supplementation

reproductive ; Pregnant

food fortification

Wheat & corn flour

Question 22

Strategies to Combat IDA

Increase __________ & __________ of iron-rich foods (meat, fish and egg etc) especially among at risk group
Dietary diversification
Public Health interventions: health ________, Control of ________ infections (intestinal , malaria)

Answer 22

production ; consumption

education ; parasitic

Question 23

Prevention and control of Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A (_________), an essential ____-soluble micro- nutrient needed for the normal functioning of the

• _________ system: ___________
• Growth & development
•Maintenance of _________ integrity
•________ function
•Reproduction & child survival

Answer 23

retinol ; fat-

visual ; Xerophthalmia

epithelial ; Immune

Question 24

Sources of vitamin A
u _________ vegetables
u Yellow fruits
u Carrots, __________,
u Egg yolk, liver, dairy (milk), meat & other animal products.

Answer 24

Green leafy

red palm oil

Question 25

Safe daily Vitamin A requirements: ____mg to _____mg/day of retinol or equivalent Prevalence: Children under 5 (23.2%) Mother (13.0%), Pregnant women: 19%

Answer 25

180 450

Question 26

Intervention Strategies for Vitamin A Supplementation: Children who are not breastfed :_________ IU @ any contact ________IU(All children 6-11 months) ________ IU for all children 12-59 months (Twice a year) Post partum mothers :________ IU at least once a year ______________ (most effective), cost is marginal uVegetableoil(20,000IU/Kg),wheat flour (30,000 IU/kg), u Sugar 25,000 IU/Kg, margarine

Answer 26

50,000 100,000 200,000; 200,000 Food fortification

Question 27

Intervention Strategies for Vitamin A contd.. uDietary diversification: Sustainable uProduction & consumption of vita A rich foods etc Other Public health measures Measures to prevent and control diseases and infections known to worsen the vitamin A status– immunization against ________.

Answer 27

measles.

Question 28

Prevention and control of Iodine deficiency Minimum daily requirement: ____ug Vital raw materials for ________ hormones

Answer 28

50ug thyroid hormones

Question 29

Deficiency of iodine can lead to : _________ _________ & _________ retardation _________

Answer 29

Goiter Mental & growth retardation Cretinism

Question 30

Intellectual and physical problems associated with iodine deficiency have serious social & economic implications. T/F

Answer 30

T

Question 31

Single greatest cause of preventable mental retardation is??

Answer 31

Iodine deficiency

Question 32

Intervention Strategies Prevalence : Under 5: 13%, PW:10.5%, Mothers: 13% Supplementation: __________ supplementation, limited coverage & expensive _________________ (most effective): cost is marginal. E,g _____ Dietary diversification: Sustainable u Production & consumption of Iodine rich foods etc u _________ foods – avoid ______ /______ of sea foods, as it can destroy the iodine. u Dissuading traditional habits of __________

Answer 32

Iodized oil Food fortification Fresh sea roasting ; smoking preservation

Question 33

Education on proper handling of salt – if salt is exposed to the atmosphere, ????

Answer 33

the iodine can escape to become iodide.

Question 34

Prevention and control of Zinc deficiency Zinc stimulates the activity of approximately ___________ needed for the various biochemical reactions in the body. _________ system ________ ________ Organoleptic abilities (_______) Synthesis of ______ Prevalence: Under 5:20%, PW:47.7%, Mothers:28%

Answer 34

100 enzymes ; Immune Wound healing taste ;? DNA

Question 35

Intervention strategies for Zinc Zinc is available as ___________ which is the most effective form Supplementation: Under 5 children with ___________: < 2 years: 10mg/day; >2 years: 20mg/day for 10-14 day Pregnant women: 11-13 mg/day, Post partum women: 12- 14mg/day Food fortification : Should be well researched before recommendation. ___________ may be considered. Dietary diversification: Production & consumption of Zinc rich foods etc Education on occurrence of zinc deficiencies & food rich in zinc Social marketing techniques aimed at behavioural modification Other Public health measures

Answer 35

zinc gluconate diarrhoea: Wheat flour