RED EYE Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Epidemiology of red eye in Nigeria

14.8% of ophthalmic patients
(Male or Females?) > (Males or Females?)
63% of patients are below _____ years of age

Male ; Females

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Common causes of red eyes (Nigerian Teaching hosp) include;

__________________ – 40% microbial
__________________ – 17%
Corneal ulcer - 11% Inflammed __________________ - 11%

Allergic conjunctivitis ;conjunctivitis

Pterygium

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Most causes of red eye are treatable

T/F

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Red eye is caused by (constricted or dilated?) _________ blood vessels.

Infectious causes such as _________ or _________.

Non-infectious, e.g. _________, _________ irritation, underlying _________ diseases, or _________.

dilated ;scleral

bacteria ; viruses.

Allergy ; chemical

inflammatory ; trauma.

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Causes of red eye
_______ or other particles in the eye
________ (pollen, pest dander, dust, chemicals, contact lens solution) Infection
Injury
Blepharitis
Conjunctivitis
Eye dryness (dry eye syndrome)
Excessive exposure sun
Corneal scratches: Injuries caused by sand, dust, or overuse of contact lenses Corneal ulcer
Uveitis
Acute glaucoma

Dust

Allergy

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uveitis : Inflammation of the _______, ( ________,_________, and _________ ). Cause may be unknown, an autoimmune disorder, infection, or exposure to toxins.

In iritis - only the _____ is inflamed.

Uvea

iris, ciliary body, and choroid

iris

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Common causes of red eye in children
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Blepharitis
Burns
Child abuse
Corneal abrasion
Eczema
Episcleritis
Eye allergy
Iritis
Keratitis
_______
Meibomitis
___________ syndrome
____________ haemorrhage

Measles

Stevens-Johnson

Sub-conjuntival

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Common symptoms associated with red eyes
Eye _______, ______ / irritation/ no irritation
__________
_______ / _______
Eye _______
_______ eyes
Visual disturbances – _______ of vision/ _______ vision

pain ; Itching

Photophobia

Watering ; tearing

discharge ; Swollen

blurring ; impaired

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Aetiology
Sub-conjuntival haemorrhage

commonly due to ____________________________________ e.g. ___________ , ________ or coughing resulting in _____________ within the bulbar conjunctiva

sudden increase in pressure

violent sneezing

straining; ruptured capillaries

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Symptoms of sub-conjunctival Haemorrhage :-

_______ eye, _____ pain, ——— discharge, ——— change in vision

Causes
• __________ / ____________ drugs
• __________ the eyes
•Viral infection
•Some eye surgeries
Child birth/newborn infants

red eye
no pain
no discharge
no change in vision

Elevated BP ; anticoagulant

Rubbing the eyes

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Sub-conjunctival Hemorrhage

Physical Exam
_______ red, dense _________ , alarming but of _______ significance

Exam & Tests
BP, Visual acuity and visual field tests, funduscopy

Bright ; bloody patch

little

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Conjunctivitis

Different types of conjunctivitis include;

_________ conjunctivitis – commonest cause of red eye
________ (commonest especially in school children)
___________

Allergic

Viral

Bacterial

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Most common contagious eye infection is??

Conjunctivitis

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Allergy
Substances provoking allergy include; Pollen,pet dander,dust, certain chemicals in _______ , ___________ solutions

Rx – avoiding known allergens, use of _________________ for prevention

make-up ; contact lens

antihistamine eye drops

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Dry eye syndrome

Insufficient or poor quality __________ resulting in inadequate _________ and nourishment of the eyes.

Rx - _____________________

tear gland

lubrication ; nourishment

artificial tears-eye drops

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Chronic dry eyes may lead to ________ and ________ eyes.

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irritated

inflamed

Contact lenses
•Improper caring of contact lenses
•_________ or _________ eye infection may occur with contact lenses use
•____________ contact lenses can worsen dry eyes syndrome

Prevention – keep lenses ________ and ________, regular check-up, use of _____________ lenses and _________________ lenses.

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Keratitis ; fungal

Tight fitting

clean ; disinfected

gas permeable lenses

daily disposable lenses.

Computer vision syndrome

________ at computer screen for a ______ time (_________ less while working on computers result in poor _________ and __________ of ________ .

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Starring ; long

blinking ; production ; circulation

Tear

Prevention occurs Computer vision syndrome

___________ from work stations
Specially designed computer _______
______________ to keep the eyes moist

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Frequent breaks

glasses

Lubricating eye drops

Eye injury
_________
_______________ surgery

Injury ranges from minor eye _________ (_________ _________) to _________ wound.

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Trauma

Cosmetic eyelid

scratches ;corneal abrasions

deep puncture

Eye Injury

Use of —————— for diagnosis

Rx - primary eye care provider
Puncture injury should be referred promptly for treatment by eye specialists

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fluorescein dye

Corneal ulcer

Corneal ulcer or _______________

Corneal Infection by virus, bacteria, fungus, chlamydia trachomatis

Corneal healing by :
•_______________ for superficial ulcers and
•for deep ulcers -_______,________, and _______________ and this may result in
__________

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ulcerative keratitis

re-epithelialization

mitosis , fibrosis, neovascularization

scarring

Corneal ulcer

Immune-mediated eye disease resulting in ulcers at the _________ of the cornea and ________, e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis, rosacea, systemic sclerosis resulting in a special type of corneal ulcer called ____________ ulcer.

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border

sclera

Mooren’s ulcer

Children who have __________ deficiency are at high risk of corneal ulcers

vitamin A

Symptoms and treatment of corneal ulcer ________ painful – ______, squinting, loss of vision, anterior uveitis, _________ of the eyes, (miosis -small pupil, aqueuos flare,

Very painful tearing redness

Diagnosis of corneal ulcer _____________ _______________ Treatment depends on findings Antiviral - topical __________ ointment instilled at least five times a day. Antibacteria- topical ointment or drops topical cycloplegics e.g. ________ or ___________ Conjunctival _________ or conjunctival _______, _______ contact lens __________ supplementation Avoid topical _____________ – will cause weak perforation of the ulcer

Slit lamp ;?Fluorescein dye acyclovir ; atropine ; homatropine graft ; flaps soft ;? Vitamin A corticosteroid

Ocular herpes Recurrent ______ infection by ______________________ virus (common cold sores)

viral type 1 herpes simplex virus

Sign and symptoms of Ocular Herpes Eye __________ _________ eyes, pain, ________ discharge Photophobia

redness Swollen eyes ; watery discharge

Complications of Ocular Herpes • _________ of the _______ (if treatment is delayed) Rx - __________________ to restore vision

Scarring ; cornea Corneal transplant

Glaucoma Signs and symptoms (Sudden or Gradual?) and (asymptomatic or symptomatic ?) loss of vision Sudden onset of pain_____, _______ eyes associated with ______ around lights, loss of vision and nausea may signal ________________ glaucoma

Gradual and asymptomatic Painful; bright-red halos acute angle-closure

Acute angle-closure glaucoma – would require _______________ to prevent _______________________ within ________ if not relieved.

emergency attention permanent loss of vision hours

Whitening eye drops Used for __________ red eyes can lead to _____________ of conjuntival vessels Rebound effect – rebound __________ Chronic use can lead to _______ eyes Cold and Flu

treating ; vasoconstriction hyperemia; dry

Red eyes in sinus _________ or __________ sinuses associated with __________ and _________

infection ; blocked sneezing ; coughing

Pregnancy Hormonal changes in pregnancy – dry itchy and sensitivity to light •Alter _______ of the cornea •Intolerance to _________ •________ vision •Changes are not permanent – resolves weeks to months after delivery.

shape; contact lenses Blurry

Smoking Smoking harms the eye Increase the risk of ——————————————-(AMD), _________ and uveitis Irritant to the eye Dry red itchy eyes

age –related macular degeneration (AMD) Cataract

Smoking is harmful to the eyes T/F

Marijuana can lead to red blood shot eyes T/F

Excessive Alcohol use (lead to reduction of _________ to RBC causing blood vessels to _____________ resulting to blood shot eyes

oxygen clump together

Swimming _________ in swimming pools _________ in rivers, lakes and other water sources Prevention- Use of swimming ________ Removing _______________ before swimming

Chlorine Bacteria goggles contact lenses

RED EYE Flashcards

(40 cards)