Immunization & its challenges GAVI Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Despite extraordinary progress in immunizing more children over the past decade, _________ of infants still do
not get ______________ routine immunizations

• In 2020, __________ infants missed out on immunization

millions

the complete

23 million

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nigeria is one of the top 10 countries with the least complete immunization coverage

T/F

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Covid-19 pandemic did not impact routine immunization

T/F

It did

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GVAP??

Global vaccine action plan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GVAP aim is to extend immunization to everyone irrespective of where they lived by _______.

Aim is for ___%

2020

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Challenges to immunization
• Introduction of __________
• ____________ coverage of existing vaccines in national immunization programmes.

new vaccine

Scaling up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Challenges
• technical
• georaphic
• systems
• socio-behavioural
• financial
• political
• ___________ ___________

communications bottlenecks.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Challenges to immunization : Systems

• fragile or non-existent health service
___________
• Poor _______ of service

infrastructure

quality

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Challenges to immunization : Geographic

• difficult geographical _______
• Hard to ______ & _______ populations
• Insecurity, armed conflict

terrain

reach ; isolated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Challenges to immunization : Technical

•_______ chain/availability
✓ Financial
✓ Political
•________ will and commitment
• _________
• Political ________

Supply

Political; Corruption

change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Challenges to immunization : Socio-demoraphic,economic, behavioural
factors

• Socio-economic _______
• _________ , Lack of _______
• __________
• Migration
• ___________ behaviour
• loss of ______________ in a vaccine due to real or spurious links to adverse events can curtail or even halt immunization activities.

status

Education ; knowledge

Occupation ; Health-seeking behaviour

public confidence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Recommendations to fix challenges to immunization
• increasing female _________
• measures aimed at _________ ________
• improving the equitable distribution of health services.
• improve vaccine ________
• strengthen provider’s capacity for _______ service
• increase community __________ about
immunization.

education

alleviating poverty

supply ; quality

knowledge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Recommendations to fix challenges to immunization
• Strengthening of political __________
• Management- adequate ________ of
immunization programmes
• accountability and operational capacity
•____________ support in the endemic
countries

commitment; PIME

international

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PIME immunization refers to a strategy where a _______ immunization with _________________ is followed by a _______ with __________________ to enhance the immune response.

prime

one type of vaccine

boost

another type of vaccine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Removing barriers to immunization
• ______________________________ (IA2030)
• sets global vision and strategy for vaccines and immunization for the decade ______–______.
• co-created with contributions from countries and organizations worldwide and came into effect after World Health Assembly endorsement.
• became operational during 2020-21 through regional and national strategies

Immunization Agenda 2030

2021–2030.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After GVAP ended in ______, WHO introduced ________

2020

IA2030

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Removing barriers
• The global strategy towards eliminating _____________ as a public health problem
• adopted in ______ by the WHA
• In this strategy, the first of the three pillars requires the __________ of the HPV vaccine in all countries and has set a target of reaching _____% coverage and achieve elimination by
_______.

cervical cancer ; 2020

introduction ; 90%

2030.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain the 90-70-90 target by 2030

90% of girls fully vaccinated with the HPV Vaccine by 15 years

70% of women screened with a high performance test at 35 and 45 age

90% of women identified with cervical cancer receive appropriate treatment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Removing barriers….3
• The WHO Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) - endorsed by the ______ Member States of the ______________ (WHA) in May 2012
• Has the goal of reaching universal coverage with vaccines worldwide by __________ .

194

World Health Assembly ; 2020.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The GVAP aims to:
➢accelerate control of VPDs with _______ eradication as the first milestone and step up efforts to
eliminate _______ , ________ and maternal and neonatal _________ and other diseases

polio

measles ; rubella

tetanus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GVAP
➢strengthen national routine immunization programmes to meet vaccination coverage targets (Nigeria certified polio free _____th ______
______)
➢introduce new and improved vaccines
➢spur research and development for the next generation of vaccines and technologies

Study These Flashcards

25th August 2020

GVAP… recent progress

• introduction of _______ or _______ vaccines
• Since 2010, 113 countries have introduced new vaccines
• more than 20 million additional children have been vaccinated.
• vaccines against ______ were developed, now being used in affected areas
• ________ vaccine, ________ vaccines introduced

Study These Flashcards

new ; under-utilized

Ebola ; Malaria

Covid-19

GVAP ….losses
• coverage for _______ vaccines remain low
• multiple WHO regions have suffered large ________ and ________ outbreaks leading to deaths.
• The continued detection of circulating
________________________ is further evidence that national immunization programmes are not achieving the goal of reaching every child.

Study These Flashcards

vital ; measles

diphtheria

vaccine-derived poliovirus

The WHO Initiative for Vaccine
Research (IVR)

In close collaboration with partners, will provide technical assistance to strengthen country capacity to:
• carry out ___________ research
• ________ and _______ implementation research activities
• provide a platform for researchers to _________________ and examine their relevance to global immunization policies and practices.

Study These Flashcards

implementation

monitor ; map

share their results

_____________________ (IVR)

Initiative for Vaccine Research

GAVI • Global Alliance for Vaccines & Immunization aka The ______________ • Legal name: “The _______________” • It is a _______ Foundation with __________________ status in Switzerland and __________________ status in the United States.

Vaccine Alliance GAVI Alliance Swiss ; international institution public charity

GAVI ??

Global Alliance for Vaccines & Immunization

GAVI • Created in 2000, located in __________ and _______________.

Geneva Switzerland Washington, DC, USA

The vaccine alliance- brings together public and private sectors with the shared goal of creating ______________ to vaccines for children wherever they live

equal access

GAVI…… • Vision- _____________________ with immunization • Mission- Saving ______________ and protecting people’s health by increasing __________ use of vaccines in lower-income countries • Since inception, has provided immunization to about 1 billion children

children’s lives equitable use

GAVI……. GAVI’s Goals • _________ immunization • Reaching ________ children • ______ vaccine introductions • Outbreak and pandemic _________ • _____________ vaccinations in lower income countries

Routine ; zero-dose children New ; preparedness COVID-19

zero-dose children are those who??

Have not received even a single vaccine shot

GAVI … • The Vaccine Alliance has helped to strengthen health systems and immunization services in more than ______ countries. • US$ 1 = US$ ____- for every US$ 1 spent on immunization, US$ _____ are saved in healthcare costs, lost wages and lost productivity due to illness • May be up to $ _____ if other factors are considered such as broader societal value of lives saved and people living longer and healthier lives

60 21 ; 21 54

GAVI- The partnership model • Members- •___________________ Foundation- provided seed money • WHO •_________ • The ___________

Bill & Melinda Gates UNICEF; World Bank

GAVI Governence 1. ______ 2. GAVI Board (led by a _______) • Composed of ____ members • Responsible for: • giving strategic direction • policy-making • monitoring programme implementation

CEO Chairperson 28

_________ is the CEO of GAVI

Dr.Sania Nishtar

Chairperson of GAVI?

Josè Manuel Barroso

GAVI Secretariat • Led by the _______ and supported by ______ departments

CEO six

_________ is Responsible for day-to-day operations of the Vaccine Alliance

GAVI secretariat

GAVI affiliations • GAVI is associated with 2 additional organizations • The __________________________ (IFFIm) •__________________________(COVAX)

International Finance Facility for Immunization COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access

The International Finance Facility for Immunization an international development financing initiative, which raises _________ in the international capital markets to support GAVI programmes. • Registered as a private charity company in the UK •

finance

_________ is the sole member of IFFIm

GAVI

COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) • Gavi is co-leading COVAX the vaccines pillar of the _______________ (ACT) Accelerator which was launched in April 2020 in response to the pandemic.

Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT)

ACT This involves coordinating the COVAX Facility, which aims to accelerate the __________ and __________ of COVID-19 vaccines and maintain a global risk-sharing mechanism for pooled procurement, fair and equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.

development manufacture

Other co-leads of COVAX : the ________________________ (CEPI), __________________________ (WHO), alongside key delivery partner _________. • So far over 180 countries engaged

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations World Health Organization UNICEF

GAVI funding •__________ finance (____%) •______________________(____%) • Commitment to Nigeria is over USD 1 billion (2001-2023) and disbursed over USD 954 million (2000-2019)

Innovative;24 Direct contributions ;76

GAVI funding • Innovative finance (24%)- includes the _________________ and _______________

International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm) the Advance Market Commitment (AMC).

In Gavi’s 2016–2020 strategic period • Focus on ______ priority countries • In 2019, ______ of these countries – Afghanistan, Chad,the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan accounted for the most “___________” children in Gavi-supported countries, so improving their immunisation coverage is critical. • During 2016–2020, also prioritised an additional 10 countries facing severe __________ or crises: Central African Republic, Haiti, Madagascar, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen.

20 eight “zero- dose” 10 ; inequities

GAVI strategy 2021-2025 (GAVI __.0) • Introduce and _______ vaccines • Strengthen health systems to increase ________ in immunization • Improve _________ of immunization programmes • Ensure healthy markets for vaccines and related products

5 scale-up ; equity sustainability

World immunization week: Every _______________ • aims to highlight the collective action needed to protect all people from VPDs

last week in April

Nigeria Vaccine Policy 1st Edition 2021 is a strategic framework developed by the ___________________ to enhance vaccine availability, self-sufficiency, and security in Nigeria. Prompted by the _______________, the policy aims to strengthen the nation's capacity to produce, procure, and distribute vaccines effectively

Federal Ministry of Health COVID-19 pandemic

Immunization & its challenges GAVI Flashcards

(51 cards)