BIRMINGHAM
facts
- 1.2 million population = 2nd largest in uk
- youngest population in europe
BIRMINGHAM
Industrial revolution
socio economic factors
- Boulton developed the first factory in 1761 ( soho manufactory ) with 700 workers inder one roof = an assembly line
- caubury family creates bournville factory, hoping to chnage quality of life for working class
- the players creating positive impact by providing parks and good housing
- local banks and legal firms appeared eg: lloyds
- dunlop factoruy developing tyres for the austin car companym employing 10,000 people
BIRMINGHAM
Industrial revolution
Demographic
- population grew from other parts of britain eg: ireland due to developed transport
- prodomently white due to latck of transport
BIRMINGHAM
Industrial revolution
Cultural
- very christian culture = attending church on a sunday
- divided by gender
- upper class not in factories but in banks and offices
BIRMINGHAM
Industrial Revolution
- lots of industrial waste = polluted canals = collerah and typhoid - and high air pollution = smog and respitory diseases
- factory blowing smorke eastward = more deprivation in those areas due to people not wanted to be near smoke
BUILT ENVIRONMENT - rows of terrases housing built
- canal built to transport resources and goods
BIRMINGHAM
KEY PLAYERS of deindustrialisation = OPEC
OPEC is the oil trade block in the middle east
- war between arabs and israel
- many countries supported Israel including UK
- they boycotted the supply of oil to the uk
- due to increased demand and decreased supply = price increased x10
- decline of manufacturing = too expensive
BIRMINGHAM
KEY PLAYERS of deindustrialisation = Overseas competition
- foreign based car manufacturers became popular in the uk = VW from germany, Nissan and Honda from Japan
- they are seen as more reliable = decline in Austin manufacturing
- Nissan and Honda worked with british government to build european factoreis in the UK so dont have to pay shipping costs. The government suggested areas eg : Swindon, not birmingham due to bad stereotypes
BIRMINGHAM
KEY PLAYERS of deindustrialisation = Trade Unions
- The factories had to reduce house and wages due to lack of money as oil was very expensive
- voted to strike on many occasions
- Bad reputation of angry and uncooperative employees
- less attractive, no TNCs sent there
BIRMINGHAM
KEY PLAYERS of deindustrialisation = Local authorities
SLUM CLEARENCE PROGRAM
- poor housing and buildings demolished and rebuilt at a higher standard.
- Businesses move out due to cant afford rent
BIRMINGHAM
KEY PLAYERS of deindustrialisation = National government
- Choocing israel over arabs = boycott of oil
- Margret thatcher wanted deindustrialisation, wanted more knowlege eg: like germany
- didnt wanna fall behind competitors
BIRMINGHAM
impacts of deindustrialisation
SOCIO ECONOMIC
- unemployment changed from below 1% - 19.4% - UK average at 12%
- Metal and car manufacturing halted
- service sector rose = growth of finance and business - not many people had qualifications
- 81,000 houses
- 400 tower blocks = poor quality of life = no gardens, alot of crime eg: castle veil
- Tower blocks located around the rural urban fringe = need to commute to service sector jobs
- Green belt placed by government to stop development on rural areas, the house prices became very expensive due to rural qualities and good transport links
BIRMINGHAM
impacts of deindustrialisation
CULTURAL
- due to increased migration = increased culture and beliefs
- Birmingham central mosque, so many muslim people
- new services to support cultural people eg: money transfer centres so can sent money back home as remittances
- Balti triangle = indian food cuisines set up
- slum culture decline = close nit group not disperced and seperated = lonlieness
BIRMINGHAM
impacts of deindustrialisation
DEMOGRAPHIC
- Population = 1.1 mill
- international migration after ww2 = economic migrants eg : carribean = to work in service sector jobs
- they are clustered in arease with cheap housing
- Birmingham more youthful due to having 5 univercities
- 2011 = nearly half werent white british
BIRMINGHAM
impacts of deindustrialisation
ENVIRONMENTAL
- factories shutting down, brownfield sites, increases cime and antisocial behaviour, visual pollution
- deindustrialisation = reduced air pollution, crime filled eg: drug dealing and prostitution = unsafe
BIRMINGHAM
KEY PLAYERS IN REGENERATION
Local council
- spent 25 million, regenerate gas street to increase businesses and tourism
- Now a beautifully clean, luxuary apartments, clean canal, job oppotunity filled eg: tncs and bistros and very safe area
- before was derilict, distry from waste pollution, and air pollution. Crime filled eg: drig dealling and prostitution, visual pollution = unsafe
- applies for funding and grants for regeneration
- have authority to build and give planning permission
KEY PLAYERS IN REGENERATION
Private players
- BULL RING = first Europe major indoor shopping centre, Selfridges department store = radical design
- Brindley place = many offices created, businesses eg; Lloyds
EVALUATION
- increased tourists
- tertiary jobs
KEY PLAYERS IN REGENERATION
Univercities
50,000 students = youthful pop
EVALUATION
- students spending = ec mpe
- temporary stay = less incentive to take care of property
- students don’t pay council tax
KEY PLAYERS IN REGENERATION
EU
235 million = social investment fund = improved social housing, providing facilities for small businesses
- flagship development = spectacular water cascade and public art
EVALUATION
- increased tourism
- no longer in EU
- decreases cultural deprivation
KEY PLAYERS IN REGENERATION
National government
-won the bid for commonwealth games = 778 million invested into Birmingham, cleaned city centre, improving facilities, grand central station developed
EVALUATION
- shows it as clean and safe and not all industrial
- only 3-4 weeks
- media makes Birmingham a place
HS2
- 20 billion spent = links London to Birmingham
EVALUATION
- higher payed jobs = easy to commute
- bad for environment
- only 35 mins quicker
- they set targets eg: amount of council housing to be built in an area
