challenegs to sovreignty can be caused by confict over natural resources
what is the Indus river used for
pakistan = irrigation and hydro electricity
- 92% of the land is arid
- over half of parkstans population is employed in agri
india = irrigation and hydro electricity
= punjab, produces 20% of indias break
challenegs to sovreignty can be caused by confict over natural resources
conflict
- periodic fighting, thousands of deaths and displacements
- world bank made teaty to share the river
- pakistan occupies lower course, they argue that india are reducing their water supply by damming the upper course
- escelating due to population growth and global warming limiting supply
- dispute is unresolved and needs better communication or the treaty may not always stand
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
what is it and when is it used
- intervention from outside a country
- used when human rights are violated, and when sovreignty is threatened eg:
- genoside
- war crimes
- etnic cleansing
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
UN
example
what do they do
evaluation
eg: un peacekeepers
- deliver aid
- peacekeeping missions to countries who are out of colntrol of human rights viloations, costs £1 billion/country/year
- article 41= economic sanctions
- article 42 = military intervensions
- little power if national government doesnt cooperate
- got the most member countries
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
NATO
example
what do the
eg: most of europe, usa, canada and uk
- military = adhere to peaceful resolutions, however if this is inaffective they undertake crisis management
- encourage consultation and cooperation on defense and security issues to prevent conflict
- lots of unresolved conflict eg: iraq
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
EU
example
what do the
countries including france, portugal and spain
- preserve peace and international security
- promote international cooperation
- common security and defense policy = peace keeping missions, and rescue tasks
- preduction of sovreignty of members
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
NGO’s
example
what do the
- water aid and oxfam
- work in cooperation with national and local governmnets
- humanitarian relief eh: water, food, education and healthcare
- direct mediation to prevent violence
- increase number of laws and treaties
- have to try and infulence governmnet decisions as cannot make significanr changes without government support
Treaties
- written international agreements between 2 or more states or organisations
- have to change international law in order to fit agreements
eg: convention against tourture
Laws
- bound to treaties by international law
- laws define the responsibility of the states about how they treat other states and their own people
- international law regualtes conflict over global commons eg: high sea
Norms
- long, stabelised common practices set out by the UN charter
eg: six new norms over cyber conflict due to it being an increacing threat to sovreignty
SOUTH SUDAN
AO1
- highly fragile, life expectancy =60
- civil war 2 years after gaining independence
- president kier ( dinker) vs vice president Muchar ( Nuer )
- global governance = peace deal signed in 2018
- prevented genoside that would have killed 200,000 people
- sudan war geared for war due to prev fighting
SOUTH SUDAN
impacts of the civil war
- 82% of population below the poverty line
- one of the lowest gdp’s in the world
SOUTH SUDAN
Interventions ( UN )
cansequenses for local community
- UNMISS = protects citizens ( peacekeeping), support delivery of humanitarian aid, mediation
- UNICEF = overcome obsticals preventing childeren reaching their full potential eg: violence
- UNICEF = family reunification - helped children, releacing them from armed forces = tracing families and returning from school
SOUTH SUDAN
Interventions ( National government )
cansequenses for local community
political fighting, Kiir ( dinka ) vs Machar ( nuer) = intervention needed as government was failing to protect citizens
- The who = south sudan, ministry of health, improving health by ebola testing, cholera testing kit and vaccination against measles
SOUTH SUDAN
Interventions ( NGO )
cansequenses for local community
- oxfam conducting research eg: employing water and sanitation experts, school and home visits on hygene practices
- emergancy food , aid agencies have been coordinated to position essential supplys dueing the dry season so they are easy to access dueing flooding in the wet season.
- SAVE THE CHILDREN - provide safe and interupted education
SOUTH SUDAN
challenges to global governance
- short term
- human rights violations have continued, including attacks on UN peacekeepers, and on IDPs under UN protection where 20,000 people were sheltered
SOUTH SUDAN
challenges to global governance
- long term
lack of government cooperation leaves long term challenges such as human trafficing and alleviating poverty
SOUTH SUDAN
Reasons why each player has a significant role in global governance
UN
- expertise on nation building, improving state aparats eg: UNMISS providing 2,000 police.
- extensive funding = UNMISS = more then 1 bill a year
- supranational power = authority to supersede the sovreignty of the national government
- provide multiple agencies = UNMISS, UNICEF = providing support to 1.5 mill people
SOUTH SUDAN
Reasons why each player has a significant role in global governance
NGO’s
- over 300 ngos, advantage to the UN, which has to go through a process of appeal
- able to educate and provide resources ro improve the livelihood of local communities in the long term
SOUTH SUDAN
Reasons why each player has a significant role in global governance
national governmnet
- law making = has the right to choose which laws to inforce - eg: ratification of UN treaties into domestice law eg: convention against tourture
- Control of state aparatus = governmnet incharge of eg: police and media = can lack the funding to do this efficiently
WHICH KEY PLAYERS HELP THE MOST
- for local communities
- NGO’s
- take into account the people
eg: oxfam providing water for over half a million people - Long term = training the fishermen so they can catch more and sell more to make money
- quicker then others eg: un have to go through general assembly
WHICH KEY PLAYERS HELP THE MOST
- sovreignty of the government
- UN =
- rebuild the government, improving state aparatus eg: 2000 police to try and take sovreignty back.
- peace keeping = saved lives ( unmiss mediation ) = helps keep sovreign obligation
- UN supports the work of the government eg: rehoming idps
- protects others eg: NGO’s from rebel parties
positives and negatives of UN, NGO and government
POS
UN = fund large scale projects ( Unmiss 1bill a year )
NGO = educating local communities to become more self sufficient = eg educating fishermen
GOV = sign and ratify treaties, increase human rights ( convention against tourture )
NEG
UN = struggle to negotiate with government ( thinks they will force beliefs eg: equal rights for women )
NGO = vunerable to kidnapping ( eg attack on wokers in upper nile )
GOV = prolonge conflict due to corruption ( use state aparatus to unfringe on human rights eg: child soldiers )
