1017 > Digestive system 1 > Flashcards

Digestive system 1 Flashcards

(56 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

what are the two groups of organs apart of the digestive system

A

Digestive canal/ GI tract
Accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what organs are apart of the digestive canal

A

esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the accessory organs of digestive system

A

mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Process of digestion

A

ingestion
Secretion
Maceration
digestion
absorption
defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ingestion

A

process of taking food into the mouth
Involves saliva, teeth, tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glands in the mouth

A

salivary
Iingual = secrete lingual lipase to break down triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of teeth

A

There are 32 teeth
incisors
molars
premolars
canine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of teeth

A

incisors = cut
canines = tear
Pre molars = tear, crushing
Molars = crushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Salivary glands in your mouth

A

Sublingual = beneath tongue
parotid = below and Infront of ear
Submandibular = under jaw bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of saliva

A

moisten food so it is easily swallowable = becomes bolus
Food molecules are dissolved in the water of saliva meaning enzymes can now break them down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the amylase and lingual enzymes work

A

amylase will work in the mouth but become inactivated when it is swallowed down with food due to HCL
Lingual becomes activated by the HCL once the food is swallowed into stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chemical digestion in mouth

A

amylase = begin the breakdown starch into monosaccharides (where it can then be absorbed into bloodstream)
Lingual lipase= breakdown triglycerides into diglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of tongue

A

External muscle that will shape the food and move it to the back of the oral cavity
Internal muscle = alter shape of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structure of pharynx

A

skeletal muscles lined with mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subdivisions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx = in nasal cavity
Oropharynx = by mouth
Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Position of pharynx

A

Pharynx is the throat, it extends from the choanae (opening where nasal cavity connects with nasopharynx) to the esophagus (posteriorly) and larynx (anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of the pharynx parts

A

nasopharynx = respiration
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx = used in respiration and digestion. Muscular contractions propel food into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what stops food entering larynx

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where esophagus enter diaphragm and end

A

enters diaphragm via the esophageal hiatus and ends at the superior portion of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is secretion

A

cells within the walls of the digestive canal secreting water, acid and enzymes into the lumen of digestive canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is propulsion

A

contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles to mix food with secretions and to move food toward digestive canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the two types of digestion

A

Mechanical = teeth, tongue, churning of stomach
Chemical = breaks large molecules into smaller ones through hydrolysis by hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are digestive enzymes secreted

Study These Flashcards
A

Salivary glands
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

24
Q

Regions of the stomach

Study These Flashcards
A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

25
What is the pyloric sphincter
Connects the pylorus to the duodenum
26
What are the layers of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract
From inside to out: mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa
27
Layers of cell in mucosa
epithelial Connective tissue = lamina propria Smooth muscle = muscularis mucosae
28
in the digestive canal, which types of epithelial cells are found
non keratinised squamous cells in mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal columnar for absorption and secretion in stomach and intestines
29
Purpose of squamous epithelial cells
protect against wear and tear from food
30
Function of the epithelial in mucosa
Epithelium layer - columnar functions in secretion and absorption Exocrine cells secrete fluid and mucus Enteroendocrine cells that secrete hormones
31
Function of lamina propria
Connects epithelial to muscularis mucosa Blood and lymphatic vessels where nutrients are absorbed and can be transported to other tissues Contain the mucosa associate lymphoid tissue
32
Function of muscularis mucosae
Folds of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine which increases the surface area ensuring all absorptive cells are fully exposed to the contents of the digestive canal
33
Muscularis mucosae
small folds of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine to increase surface area ensuring contents of the digestive canal is evenly exposed to the absorptive cells
34
Submucosal layer
areolar tissue Contain blood and lymphatic vessels Network of neurones = submucosal neural plexus May contain glands and lymphatic tissue
35
Muscular layer
In mouth, pharynx, superior and middle esophagus, external anal sphincter = layer is skeletal muscle, voluntary contraction rest of digestive canal = smooth muscle, involuntary contraction to break down food, move it along canal
36
What are the muscle layers in GI tract
Most areas of GI (specifically, where?) tract have inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer Stomach is the exception having an oblique layer also
37
serosa
Epithelial layer of serous tissue that forms the visceral peritoneum, this consists of areolar connective tissue and squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
38
Which organs in the GI tract doesn't have serosa
esophagus
39
How do the layers of the esophagus change throughout esophagus
In the mucosa layer towards the stomach, more mucus glands found In the first third, skeletal muscle found In the second third, skeletal and smooth muscle found In the last third, smooth muscle found
40
What are the sphincters of the esophagus
At the start of esophagus is the upper esophageal sphincter = consist of skeletal muscle At the end of esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter/ cardiac sphincter consisting of smooth muscle
41
Purpose of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and LES
UES = regulates movement of food from pharynx into esophagus LES= guides food from esophagus into stomach
42
Why doesn't esophagus have serosa
the areolar connective tissue for the oesophagus will connect with the organs into the mediastinum and is not covered by mesothelium = esophagus superficial layer is adventitia
43
Anatomy and regions of stomach
J shaped Connects esophagus to duodenum Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus concave medial border = lesser curvature Convex longitudinal border = greater curvature
44
Different parts of the pylorus region
pyloric antrum pyloric canal pylorus
45
Anatomy of the mucosa in the stomach
Ciliated columnar epithelial cells (surface mucous cells) extend down into the lamina propria creating a column of secretory cells called gastric glands The narrow channel is a gastric pit
46
Exocrine gland cells in gastric gland
These are scattered amongst the surface mucous cells in the gland: Chief cell = secrets gastric lactase and pepsinogen Mucus neck cell = secrete mucus Parietal cell = secretes HCL and intrinsic factor
47
What enteroendocrine cell is in the gastric gland
G cell which will secrete the hormone gastrin into the blood
48
What is different about the muscular layer of stomach
3 layers: Longitudinal muscle = outside Circular muscle = middle layer Oblique muscle = Inner layer
49
What is the lesser and greater omentum
The portion of the serosa covering the stomach forms part of the visceral peritoneum The visceral peritoneum at the d greater curvature which extends down to drape over intestines = greater omentum At the lesser curvature, visceral peritoneum that extends upward to cover liver = lesser omentum
50
Peristaltic waves of the stomach
waves of peristalsis passes over stomach every 15-25 seconds Most waves start at the stomach body (rarely at fundus) they intensify as they reach the antrum
51
What is propulsion
movement of food into the antrum of the stomach as a result of peristaltic waves
52
What is retropulsion
if food molecules are too large to fit through the pyloric sphincter, they are pushed back into stomach body
53
Purpose of repeated rounds of propulsion
The food will mix with the gastric juice creating chyme. The food molecules will be small enough to fit through the pyloric sphincter
54
What is the process of food leaving the stomach through pyloric sphincter called
Gastric emptying 3ml of chyme moves through the sphincter at a time
55
What happens in the fundus
can hold the food for an hour as food isn't mixed with gastric juice, amylase can continue working. When it is mixed with gastric juice amylase denature and lingual lipase activates
56
1017
flashcards
Decks in class (63)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions