Proteins

Question 1

Functional group of amino acids

Answer 1

Carboxylic and amine group
At normal PH of body fluids, these groups are ionised

Question 2

What are proteins

Answer 2

large organic molecules containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 3

What is the R group

Answer 3

The side chain of the amino acid that gives the amino acid a distinctive chemical property

Question 4

Types of proteins

Answer 4

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S = structural
R = regulatory (neurotransmitters ,hormones for growth)
C = contractile (shortening of muscle fibres)
I = immunology
T = transport
C = catalytic

Question 5

What are the ‘special’ amino acids

Answer 5

Glyciene = simplest amino acid with only a H in its side chain
cysteine = Has sulfur in its side group
Tyrosine = has six carbon ring in its side chain
Lysine = seond amino group in its side chain

Question 6

How do amino acids bond together

Answer 6

Peptide bond forms in a condensation reaction between the carbon in the carboxyl group and nitrogen in the amino group

Question 7

How are different proteins created

Answer 7

There are 20 amino acids, the different arrangement of amino acids in a polypeptide chain creates a different protein as different R group at diff position so diff bonding occurs

Question 8

Primary structure of protein

Answer 8

amino acid sequence genetically determined by cell DNA

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

Polypeptide becomes 2D as hydrogen bonds form between the O from carboxyl group and H from amino group.
Alpha helix = between every 4th amino acid
Beta pleated = between parallel chains

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Each proteins tertiary structure is unique and determines how protein will function
Bonds are from R group interactions

Question 11

What bonds are in tertiary structure

Answer 11

Disulfide (covalent) - between cysteine amino acids
Weak H bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrophobic interactions

Question 12

what are hydrophobic interactions

Answer 12

amino acids with hydrophobic R group will fold into the central core while amino acids that have hydrophilic R groups will be at the surface.

Question 13

quaternary structure

Answer 13

Forms in proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide
Bonds are similar to the ones that are in tertiary structure

Question 14

fibrous proteins

Answer 14

Insoluble
Made of long chains lined parallel to each other
Structural functions

Question 15

Globular

Answer 15

Spherical and soluble
Metabolic functions

Question 16

what is denaturisation

Answer 16

Environmental changes causes protein to unfold and lose its characteristic shape, however, denaturisation can sometimes be reversed