Enzymes

Question 1

What parts do enzymes consist of

Answer 1

apoenzyme = protein
Cofactor = non protein part, may be metal ion or organic molecule such as coenzyme

Question 2

3 properties of enzymes

Answer 2

Specific
Subject to a variety of controls
efficient

Question 3

why are enzymes specific

Answer 3

Each enzymes binds to specific substrates.
Lock and key = active site fits to substrate (key)
Induced fit= active site changes to fit closely around substrate

Question 4

Why are enzymes efficient

Answer 4

Speed up rate of reaction by lowering activation energy

Question 5

why are enzymes subject to a variety of cellular controls

Answer 5

Their rate of synthesis and concentration at any given time is under control of cells genes. Substances within the cell may enhance or inhibit the enzyme at any given time
The rate at which the active form of enzyme can become inactive is determined by chemical environment of cell

Question 6

How do enzymes decrease activation energy?

Answer 6

Bring substrates together in the correct orientation, so that reactions can occur.
*They can catalyse reversible reactions

Question 7

1st stage of how enzyme works

Answer 7

The substrate makes contact with the enzymes active site forming a temporary compound called the enzyme substrate complex

Question 8

2nd stage of how enzyme works

Answer 8

Substrate is transformed by the rearrangement of atoms
Breakdown of substrate or combination of substrate molecules

Question 9

3rd stage of how enzyme works

Answer 9

Substrate unbind from enzyme and the unchanged enzyme is free to attach to another substrate