organic compounds

Question 1

Name the common organic compounds

Answer 1

carbohydrates
lipids
protein
nucleic acids
ATP

Question 2

What characteristics are always present in organic compounds

Answer 2

Carbon atoms
covalent bonds

Question 3

Why is carbon useful

Answer 3

can form large structures as carbon can bond with many other atoms of carbon
Some carbon compounds wont dissolve easily in water
As a result, useful for building body structures

Question 4

What elements are present in organic compounds

Answer 4

Most often carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen

Question 5

What are functional groups

Answer 5

specific arrangements of atoms that confers a characteristic chemical property for the molecule it is attached to

Question 6

Name the common functional groups

Answer 6

Amino
Sulfhydryl
Carboxyl
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
ester
Phosphate

Question 7

Hydroxyl group

Answer 7

Present in alcohols
Hydrophilic and polar due to electronegative oxygen

Question 8

Sulfhydryl group

Answer 8

Polar and hydrophilic due to electronegative sulfur
Present in some amino acids to stabilise proteins

Question 9

Carbonyl group

Answer 9

Present in aldehydes
Polar and hydrophilic due to electronegative O

Question 10

Carboxylic

Answer 10

In all amino acids
negatively charged, hydrophilic

Question 11

phosphate group

Answer 11

Hydrophilic due to dual negative charge of the oxygen atoms

Question 12

amino group

Answer 12

in all amino acids
Act as a base to accept hydrogen ion
has +1 charge (once accepted hydrogen) when at the PH of body fluid

Question 13

What are polymers

Answer 13

large molecules formed when many monomers combine by covalent bonds. This is usually formed by condensation reaction when a hydrogen atom from one monomer and hydroxyl group from another monomer is removed to form water

Question 14

What are isomers

Answer 14

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure

Question 15

Example of isomers

Answer 15

glucose, fructose and galactose each have formula C6H12O6 but atoms are arranged differently along the carbon skeleton