ECG Flashcards

Question

sinus tachycardia

Answer 1

- sinus rhythm with a heartrate of more than 100 bpm

Answer 2

- sinus rhythm but with quickening and slowing of impulse formation in the SA node resulting in a slight, beat to beat variation of rate

Answer 3

- a sinus rhythm except with intermittent failure of either SA node impulse formation or AV node conduction that results in the occasional complete absence or P or QRS wave

Answer 4

- occur when an ectopic focus in the atrium initiates an impulse before the SA node - P wave is premature with abnormal configuration - common and generally benign, may progress to atrial flutter, tachycardia, or fibrillation - may occur with a normal heart or any type of heart disease

Answer 5

- ectopic, very rapid atrial tachycardia - atrial rate of 250-350 bpm, ventricular rate dependent upon AV node conduction - saw-tooth shaped P waves - occurs with valvular disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, acute MI, chronic obstructive lung disease, and PE - signs include palpitations, lightheadedness, and angina due to rapid rate - stagnation of blood may predispose to thrombi in the atria

Answer 6

- a common arrhythmia where the atria are depolarized between 350 and 600 times/min - ECG shows irregular undulations of ECG baseline without P waves - occurs in healthy hears and in patients with coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular disease - symptoms may include palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea, lightheadedness, syncope, and chest pain - stagnation of blood may predispose to thrombi in the atria

Answer 7

- PR interval is longer than .2 seconds, but relatively constant from beat to beat - no symptoms - PR interval may be prolonged for many reasons including medication that suppress AV conduction

Answer 8

- AV conduction disturbance in which impulses between the atria and ventricles fail intermittently - two major types: mobitz type 1 block (wenckebach block) and mobitz type 2 block - Mobitz 1: progressive prolongation of PR interval until one impulse is not conducted (benign) - Mobitz 2: consecutive PR intervals are the same and normal followed by nonconduction of one or more impulses. If HR is slow, cardiac output will decrease with the blocked impulse. 2nd degree may progress to 3rd degree

Answer 9

- all impulses are blocked at the AV node and none are transmitted to the ventricles - the atria and ventricles are paced independently; atrial rate>ventricular rate - considered a medical emergency requiring a pacemaker - if the ventricular rate is too slow, the cardiac output drops and the patient may faint - common causes include degenerative changes of conduction systems, digitalis, heart surgery, and acute MI

Answer 10

- premature depolarization in the ventricles due to an ectopic focus - unifocal PVCs arise from the same ectopic focus and have the same configuration - the P wave is usually absent and the QRS complex has a wide and aberrant shape - Bigeminy- normal sinus impulse is followed by PVC - Trigeminy- PVC occurs after every two normal sinus impulses - a common arrhythmia that occurs in healthy and diseased hearts - patient may be asymptomatic or have palpitations - common causes include anxiety, caffeine, stress, smoking, and all forms of heart disease

Answer 11

- 3 or more consecutive PVCs at a ventricular rate of >150 bpm - P waves are absent and QRS complex is wide and aberrant - V-tach longer than 30 secs is a life-threatening arrhythmia and requires immediate medical intervention - patients are not able to maintain an adequate blood pressure and eventually become hypotensive - v-tach may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation causing cardiac arrest - common causes include MI, cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease

Answer 12

- ventricles do not beat in a coordinated fashion, but fibrillate or quiver asynchronously and ineffectively - no cardiac output, patient becomes unconsciousness - ECG shoes fibrillatory waves with an irregular pattern that is either coarse or fine - a lethal tachyarrhythmia requires defibrillation - medication to support the circulation and intravenous antiarrhythmic agents - common causes include heart disease, MI, and cocaine

Answer 13

- sign of MI - a sign of supendocardial ischemia - the segment is evaluated relative to isoelectric baseline at .08 seconds after the J pint (junction between end of QRS and beginning of ST segment - deviations from the isoelectric baseline are expressed as ST segment depression of 1mm or 2mm etc

Answer 14

- earliest sign of acute transmural infarction - can also indicate a benign early repolarization pattern in a normal heart - deviations form isoelectric baseline are expressed as ST elevation of 1 mm. 2 mm etc

Answer 15

- a characteristic marker of infarction, signifies the loss of positive electrical voltages due to necrosis - a significant or abnormal Q wave is longer than .04 msec and larger than 1/3 the amplitude of the R wave

Answer 16

- occurs hours or days after an MI as the result of a delay in repolarization produced by an injury - may also occur with right and left bundle branch blocks, after a CVA and as a normal T wave pattern in children and some adults

ECG Flashcards

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