Normal Development

Question 1

Newborn to 1 month GMS

Answer 1

prone

• physiological flexion
• lifts head briefly
• head to side

supine

• physiological flexion
• rolls partly to side

sitting
- head lag in pull to sit

standing
- reflex standing and walking

Question 2

Newborn to 1 month FMS

Answer 2

• regards objects in direct line of sight
• follows moving object to midline
• hands fisted
• arm movements jerky
• movements may be purposeful or random

Question 3

2-3 months GMS

Answer 3

Prone

• lifts head 90 degrees briefly
• chest up in prone position with some weight through forearms
• rolls prone to supine

supine

• ATNR is strong
• legs kick reciprocally
• prefers head to side

sitting

• head upright, but bobbing
• variable head lag in pull to sitting position
• needs full support to sit

standing

• poor weight bearing
• hips in flexion, behind shoulders

Question 4

2-3 months FMS

Answer 4

• can see farther distances
• hands open more
• visually follows through 189 degrees
• grasp is reflexive
• uses palmar grasp

Question 5

4-5 months GMS

Answer 5

prone

• bears weight on extended arms
• pivots in prone to reach toys

supine

• rolls from supine to side position
• plays with feet to mouth

sitting

• head steady in supported sitting position
• turns head in sitting position
• sits alone for brief periods

standing
- bears all weight through legs in supported standing

Question 6

4-5 months FMS

Answer 6

• grasps and releases toys

- uses ulnar-palmar grasp

Question 7

6-7 months GMS

Answer 7

prone

• rolls from supine to prone position
• holds weight on one hand to reach for toy

supine
- lift head

sitting

• lifts head and helps when pulled to sitting position
• gets to sitting position without assistance
• sits independently

mobility
- may crawl backwards

Question 8

6-7 FMS

Answer 8

• approaches objects with one hand
• arm in neutral when approaching toy
• radial- palmar grasp
• “rakes” with finger to pick up small objects
• voluntary release to transfer objects between hands

Question 9

8-9 GMS

Answer 9

prone
- gets into hands-knees position

supine
- does not tolerate supine position

sitting

• moves from sitting to prone position
• sits without hand support for longer periods
• pivots in sitting position

standing

• stands at furniture
• pulls to stand at furniture
• lowers to sitting position from supported stand

mobility

• crawls forward
• walks along furniture (cruising)

Question 10

8-9 months FMS

Answer 10

• develops active supination
• radial-digital grasp develops- uses inferior pincer grasp
• extends wrist actively
• points with index finger
• pokes with index finger
• release of objects is more refined
• takes objects out of container

Question 11

10-11 months GMS

Answer 11

standing

• stands without support briefly
• pulls to stand using half-kneel intermediate position
• picks up object from floor from standing with support

mobility

• walks with both hands held
• walks with one hand held
• creeps on hands and feet (bear walk)

Question 12

10-11 months FMS

Answer 12

• fine pincer grasp developed
• puts objects into container
• grasps crayon adaptively

Question 13

12-15 month GMS

Answer 13

• walks without support
• fast walking
• walks sideways
• bends over to look between legs
• creeps over to look between legs
• creeps or hitches upstairs
• throws ball in sitting

Question 14

12-15 months FMS

Answer 14

• marks paper with crayon
• builds tower using two cubes
• turns over small container to obtain contents

Question 15

16-24 months GMS

Answer 15

• squats in play
• walks backward
• walking upstairs and downstairs with one hand held using both feet on step
• propels ride- on toys
• kicks ball
• throws ball
• throws ball forward
• picks up toy from floor without falling

Question 16

16-24 months FMS

Answer 16

• folds paper
• strings beads
• stacks six cubes
• imitates vertical and horizontal strokes with crayon on paper
• holds crayon with thumb and fingers

Question 17

2 years GMS

Answer 17

• rides tricycle
• walks on tiptoe
• runs on toes
• walks downstairs alternating feet
• catches large ball
• hops on one foot

Question 18

2 years FMS

Answer 18

• turns knob
• opens and closes jar
• able to button large buttons
• uses child-size scissors with help
• does 12-15 piece puzzles
• folds paper or clothes

Question 19

preschool age (3-4 years) GMS

Answer 19

• throws ball 10 feet
• walks on a line 10 feet
• hops 2-10 times on one foot
• jumps distances of up to two feet
• jumps over obstacles up to 12 inches
• throws and catches small ball
• runs fast and avoids obstacles

Question 20

preschool FMS

Answer 20

• controls crayons more effectively
• copies a circle or cross
• matches colors
• cuts with scissor
• draws recognizable human figures with head and two extremities
• draws squares
• may demonstrate hand preference

Question 21

5-8 year GMS

Answer 21

• skips on alternate feet
• gallops
• can play hopscotch, balance on one foot, controlled hopping, and squatting on on leg
• jumps with rhythm, control
• bounces large ball
• kicks ball with greater control
• limbs growing faster than trunk allowing greater speed

Question 22

5-8 year FMS

Answer 22

• hand preference is evident
• prints well, starting to learn cursive writing
• able to button small buttons

Question 23

9-12 years GMS

Answer 23

• mature patterns of movement in throwing, jumping, and running
• competition increases, enjoys competitive games
• improved balance, coordination, endurance, attention span
• boys may develop preadolescent fat spurt
• girls may develop prepubescent and pubescent changes in body shape

Question 24

9-12 years FMS

Answer 24

• develops greater control in hand usage
• learns to draw
• handwriting is developed

Question 25

13 + GMS

Answer 25

- rapid growth in size and strength, boys>girls - puberty leads to changes in body proportions, COG rises toward shoulders in boys, hips in girls - balance and coordination skills, eye-hand coordination, endurance may plateau during growth spurt

Question 26

13+ FMS

Answer 26

- develops greater dexterity in fingers for fine tasks