Pain

Question 1

A delta fibers

Answer 1

• transmit detailed information rapidly from peripheral cutaneous structures
• transmit pain signals that are sharp and localized

Question 2

C fibers

Answer 2

• transmit information from deeper tissues and do so more slowly than A-delta fibers
• transmit pain signals that are dull aching, and diffuse

Question 3

Pain Path

Answer 3

• nerve fibers send impulses to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
• impulses are then carried to the thalamus via the spinothalamic tract
• the nerve signal is then projected to the sensory cortex to be interpreted and become a conscious pain sensations

Question 4

Gait control theory

Answer 4

• helps to explain the regulation of pain specifically how other stimuli can help to decrease the sensation of pain
• a-alpha and a-beta provide input to inhibitory interneurons
• these can stimulate these interneurons to inhibit pain signals
• the use of electrical stimulation and massage as interventions work on this theory by stimulating A-alpha and A-beta fibers

Question 5

Endogenous Opiods

Answer 5

• pain regulation is controlled by EO known as opiopeptins (endorphins)
• they bind to opioid receptors
• they control the amount of potassium and calcium that move in and out of the cell during depolarization
• also has indirect effect on nerve signals by inhibiting the release of GABA, a substance that normally inhibits the activity of structures that help to control pain

Question 6

McGill Pain Questionnaire

Answer 6

This tool is used to establish a baseline, evaluate particular treatment regimens, and monitor progress. It is valid, reliable, and the most widely used pain assessment scale

Question 7

Visual Analogue Scale

Answer 7

• can be highly sensitive if small increments such as millimeters are used to measure the patients point of pain on the scale.
• valid tool if measurements are taken accurately

Question 8

Viscerogenic pain

Answer 8

• pain that results from pathology of an internal organ, which can often refer to a site distant from the organ and mimic common patterns of msk pain
• can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, weight loss, pallor, profuse sweating, fever, and abnormal vital signs