Muscle physiology

Question 1

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 1

ATP-PC system

Anaerobic glycolyis

Question 2

ATP-PC system

Answer 2

• used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 m
• theres 2-3x more phosphocreatine in cells of muscles than ATP
• provides muscle contraction for up to 15 seconds
• does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
• does not depend on transporting oxygen we breathe
• both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle

Question 3

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 3

• the energy system is a major supplier of ATP during high intensity, short duration such as sprinting 800m
• 50% slower than ATP-PC system
• provides 30-40 second muscle contraction
• does not require oxygen
• only uses carbohydrates

Question 4

aerobic metabolism

Answer 4

• low intensity, long duration exercises

- uses fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose with oxygen and releases energy to form ATP

Question 5

Free nerve endings

Answer 5

location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
sensitivity: one type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress; other is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli

primary distribution: all joints

Question 6

golgi ligament endings

Answer 6

location: ligaments, adjacent to ligaments bony attachments
sensitivity: tension or stretch on ligaments

primary distribution: majority of joints

Question 7

golgi-mazzoni corpuscles

Answer 7

location: joint capsule
sensitivity: compression of joint capsule

primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule

Question 8

pacinian corpuscles

Answer 8

location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, high velocity changes in joint position

primary distribution: all joints

Question 9

Ruffini endings

Answer 9

location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position

primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions

Question 10

Muscle spindle

Answer 10

• distributed throughout the belly of the muscle
• send info to nervous system about muscle length and rate of change of its length
• important in the control of posture, and with help of gamma system, involuntary movements

Question 11

golgi tendon organ

Answer 11

• encapsulated sensory receptors through which muscle tendons pass immediately beyond their attachment to the muscle fibers
• very sensitive to tension when produced from active muscle contraction
• function to transmit info about tension or rate of change of tension within the muscle
• 10-15 muscle fibers are connect to each golgi tendon organ

Question 12

Type 1 fibers

Answer 12

aerobic
red
tonic
slow twitch
slow-oxidative

low fatigability
high capillary density
high myoglobin content
small fibers
extensive blood supply
large amount of mitochondria
marathon, swimming

Question 13

type 2 fibers

Answer 13

anaerobic
red/white (type a/type B)
phasic
fast twitch
fast-glycolytic

high fatigability
low capillary density
low myoglobin content
larger fibers
less blood supply 
fewer mitochondria
high jump, sprinting