HS11117 Physiology & Pathology > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

(36 cards)

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1
Q

two classifications of hormones

A

steroids and nonsteroids

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2
Q

steroids are synthesised from what

A

cholesterol

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3
Q

nonsteroids are synthesised from

A

amino acid

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4
Q
  • What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
  • Digestion
  • Homeostasis
  • Movement
  • Respiration
A

B

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5
Q
  • How do hormones travel to target cells?
  • Through nerves
  • Through lymph
  • Through the bloodstream
  • Through ducts
A

C

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6
Q
  • How do hormones travel to target cells?
  • Through nerves
  • Through lymph
  • Through the bloodstream
  • Through ducts
A

C

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7
Q
  1. Hormones act only on cells that have…

A. Lipid membranes
B. High energy demand
C. Specific receptors
D. Ion channels

A

c

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8
Q
  1. Steroid hormones are synthesized from…

A. Amino acids
B. Glucose
C. Cholesterol
D. Fatty acids

A

c

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9
Q
  1. Steroid hormones are able to enter cells because they are…
    A. Water soluble
    B. Lipid soluble
    C. Ionized
    D. Electrically charged
A

B

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10
Q
  1. Non-steroid hormones exert their effects by using…

A. DNA transcription
B. Second messenger systems
C. Direct nuclear entry
D. Active transport

A

B

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11
Q
  1. The first messenger in hormone signaling is…
    A. cAMP
    B. The hormone
    C. Protein kinase
    D. ATP
A

B

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12
Q
  1. A common second messenger in cells is…

A. ACTH
B. cAMP
C. ADH
D. GTP

A

B

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13
Q
  1. Prostaglandins differ from hormones because they…

A. Act locally
B. Are stored in vesicles
C. Act only on the brain
D. Are proteins

A

A

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14
Q
  1. Most hormone secretion is controlled by…

A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Reflex arcs
D. Enzyme inhibition

A

B

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15
Q
  1. The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the…

A. Thalamus cord
B. Hypophyseal stalk
C. Optic chiasm
D. Pineal stem

A

B

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16
Q
  1. Which pituitary lobe contains glandular epithelial tissue?

A. Posterior
B. Intermediate
C. Anterior
D. Medial

17
Q
  1. Which hormone is not made by the anterior pituitary?

A. GH
B. TSH
C. ACTH
D. ADH

18
Q
  1. The posterior pituitary releases hormones made in the…

A. Thyroid
B. Hypothalamus
C. Adrenal cortex
D. Pancreas

19
Q
  1. ADH functions to…

A. Increase heart rate
B. Increase urine output
C. Conserve water
D. Increase calcium absorption

20
Q
  1. The thyroid gland contains structures called…

A. Tracts
B. Follicles
C. Islets
D. Sinusoids

21
Q
  1. Which hormone is produced by thyroid extrafollicular (C) cells?

A. Thyroxine
B. Triiodothyronine
C. Calcitonin
D. ACTH

22
Q
  1. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases…

A. Blood sodium
B. Blood calcium
C. Blood potassium
D. Blood glucose

23
Q
  1. A drop in blood calcium causes PTH secretion to…

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stop
D. Become random

24
Q
  1. The adrenal medulla secretes…

A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
D. Estrogen

25
20. The adrenal cortex’s outer layer (zona glomerulosa) produces… A. Cortisol B. ACTH C. Aldosterone D. Testosterone
C
26
21. Cortisol primarily affects… A. Calcium absorption B. Glucose metabolism C. Reproductive function D. Bone density only
B
27
22. What stimulates cortisol secretion? A. TSH B. ACTH C. ADH D. Oxytocin
B
28
23. The pancreas’ endocrine cells are located in the… A. Follicles B. Hepatic cords C. Pancreatic islets D. Adrenal zones
c
29
24. Glucagon’s primary action is to… A. Lower blood glucose B. Raise blood glucose C. Increase insulin release D. Reduce fat breakdown
B
30
25. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic… A. Alpha cells B. Beta cells C. Delta cells D. Follicular cells
B
31
26. Melatonin is secreted by the… A. Thymus B. Thyroid C. Pineal gland D. Heart
C
32
27. The thymus secretes hormones called… A. Calcitonins B. Thymosins C. Glucocorticoids D. Catecholamines
B
33
28. Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by the… A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Heart D. Stomach
C
34
29. The immediate stress response is driven by… A. Cortisol B. Epinephrine from the adrenal medulla C. Insulin D. Thyroxine
B
35
30. The resistance stage of stress is dominated by… A. Estrogen B. ADH C. Cortisol D. Oxytocin
C
36
31. The most common cause of endocrine disorders is… A. Infection B. Adenoma C. Trauma D. Metabolic syndrome
b
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