genitourinary system

Question 1

what organs from what system does the genitourinary system

Answer 1

urinary system and reproductive system

Question 2

what does the genitourinary system maintain

Answer 2

body internal balance through urine formation and excretion

Question 3

what does the urinary system contain

Answer 3

pair kidneys, pair of tubular ureters, a bladder and tubular urethra

Question 4

excretion

Answer 4

removal of metabolic waster products

Question 5

regulation of blood composition

Answer 5

controls water, salt and pH levelss

Question 6

what does the urinary system control

Answer 6

filters blood, removes waste, regulates electrolytes and blood pressure and maintains fluid balance

Question 7

how is urine formed

Answer 7

formed by filtraion, reabsorption and secretion in the nephron then stored in the bladder and excreted through the urethra

Question 8

what encloses the kidneys

Answer 8

in a tough fibrous capsule

Question 9

where does the kidneys lie

Answer 9

either side of the vertebral column in the posterior wall of abdominal cavity

Question 10

at what level does the kidneys sits

Answer 10

T12-L3

Question 11

what ribs protect the kidneys

Answer 11

the 11th and 12th

Question 12

what is the role of the kidneys

Answer 12

to filter blood in order to make urine

Question 13

main functions of the kidneys

Answer 13

maintain homeostasis
remove metabolic wastes from blood

Question 14

kidneys maintain homeostasis

Answer 14

regulate composition and volume of extracellular fluids

Question 15

urethra

Answer 15

tube that conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside

Question 16

what is the urethra lined with

Answer 16

mucous membrane + thick layer of smooth muscle

Question 17

urethral wall

Answer 17

abundant mucous glands which secrete mucus into urethral canal

Question 18

what is bladder

Answer 18

it is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis storing urine

Question 19

what is the bladder lined with

Answer 19

transitional epithelium to allow expansion supported by connective tissue

Question 20

what is the bladder nerve control

Answer 20

works through coordination between the brain spine and pelvic nerves

Question 21

what does the bladder help with

Answer 21

maintain the body fluid filtering out waste products from it

Question 22

what are the two types of nephron

Answer 22

cortical and juxamesullary

Question 23

what is the role of the nephron

Answer 23

preform all the essential functions of the kidney

Question 24

what is the renal corpuscle made up off

Answer 24

a cluster of blood capillaries known as the glomerulus

Question 25

what is the role of the renal corpuscle

Answer 25

filtrate fluid and the glomerular capsule receives this filtrate

Question 26

what is the glomerular capsule

Answer 26

structure surrounding the glomerulus and is in the first step in filtering blood to produce urine

Question 27

where is renal tubule located

Answer 27

in both the outer part of kidney and the inner part (medulla)

Question 28

the renal tubules of serveral nephrons joins into a single duct that ends of what

Answer 28

the tip of the renal pyramid

Question 29

what does the renal tubule maintain

Answer 29

bodys homeostasis

Question 30

glomerular filtration where does it filter

Answer 30

through the capillaries tiny holes

Question 31

what are podocytes

Answer 31

cells these capillaries that help make them impermeable to larger sized substances

Question 32

3 main processes involved in the formation of urine

Answer 32

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 33

glomerular filtration

Answer 33

occurs in the kidneys, within the glomerulus. this is when water and solutes than proteins are forced through the capillary walls and pores of the glomerular capsules into the bowmans capsule forming the filtrate

Question 34

tubular reabsorption

Answer 34

this is when the essential substances such as glucose amino acids and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream from the renal tubules which ensures the body retains necessary nutrients

Question 35

tubular secretion

Answer 35

this is the process in which additional waste products and excess ions are secreted from the blood into the renal tubules, which helps in regulating the body's electrolyte balance and eliminating toxins

Question 36

two stages of urination

Answer 36

storage voiding phase

Question 37

storage phase

Answer 37

detrusor muscle is relaxed and internal and external sphincters are contracted. the sympathetic nervous system causes detrusor muscle to relax and contracts the internal sphincter

Question 38

what does the somatic nervous system do in te storage phase

Answer 38

contracts the external sphincter via the pudendal nerve which is controlled by onufs nucleus in the sacral spinal cord

Question 39

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do during the storage phase

Answer 39

inhibits the detrusor muscle

Question 40

explain the voiding phase

Answer 40

during the voiding phase, the involuntary storage reflex is override by signals sent by the cerebral cortex

Question 41

what is the role parasympathetic NS during the voiding phase

Answer 41

stimulates the detrusor muscle to contract

Question 42

sympathetic NS role within the voiding phase

Answer 42

inhibited which allows the internal sphincter to relax

Question 43

somatic nervous system within the voiding phase

Answer 43

inhibits the pudendal nerve causing the extenral sphincter to relax allowing urine to exit

Question 44

two regions of the kidneys

Answer 44

Renal medulla (inner layer) Renal cortex (outer layer

Question 45

structure of the renal cortex

Answer 45

granular appearance; contains renal columns and glomeruli

Question 46

function of the renal cortex

Answer 46

Filters blood, produces hormones (e.g., erythropoietin)

Question 47

structure of the renal medulla

Answer 47

composed of renal pyramids; striated appearance due to loops of Henle and collecting ducts

Question 48

function of the renal medulla

Answer 48

Concentrates urine; regulates water & electrolytes

Question 49

renal pelvis

Answer 49

funnel shaped cavity that collects urine before it passes into the ureter

Question 50

nephron

Answer 50

Functional units of the kidney, responsible for filtration and urine formation,, located in cortex and medulla