HS11117 Physiology & Pathology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

true or false The human body is made up of cells arranged into tissues to serve specific functions.

A

true

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2
Q

Approximately what percentage of the human body is oxygen?
a) 25%
b) 45%
c) 65%
d) 75%

A

C

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3
Q

How many main tissue types exist in the human body?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

A

c

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4
Q

name the four types of tissues

A

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

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5
Q

true or false Epithelial tissue covers organs and lines cavities.

A

true

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue is:
a) Vascular
b) Avascular

A

B

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue is classified based on:
a) Cell shape and number of layers
b) Protein and DNA content
c) Fluid composition
d) Size of nuclei

A

A

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8
Q

Squamous epithelial cells are:
a) Cube-shaped
b) Scale-like
c) Column-shaped
d) Star-shaped

A

B

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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is well suited for:
a) Protein synthesis
b) Diffusion
c) Contraction
d) Energy production

A

B

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10
Q

true or false This epithelium lines alveoli, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.

A

true

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11
Q

The main functions of simple cuboidal epithelium are:
a) Secretion and absorption
b) Protection and contraction
c) Keratinization and waterproofing
d) Conduction of impulses

A

A

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12
Q

what does the simple cuboidal epithelium line

A

kidneys, glands and ovaries

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13
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium lines:
a) Kidneys
b) Skin
c) Uterus, stomach, intestines
d) Lungs

A

C

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14
Q

Which structures increase absorption surface area in the small intestine?
a) Flagella
b) Cilia
c) Microvilli
d) Lysosomes

A

C microvilli

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15
Q

Goblet cells secrete:
a) Digestive enzymes
b) Mucus
c) Hormones
d) DNA

A

B

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16
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium appears layered because:
a) Some cells are dead
b) Nuclei are at varying levels
c) It has multiple layers
d) Cells are flattened

A

B

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17
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium is designed for:
a) Diffusion
b) Protection
c) Absorption
d) Secretion

A

B

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18
Q

what do stratified squamous cells undergo to from a waterproof layer

A

keratinization

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19
Q

true or false keratinization occurs in the throat, vagina, and anal canal.

A

these all remain moist.

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20
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium usually has:
a) 1 layer
b) 2–3 layers
c) 5–6 layers
d) 10 layers

A

b) 2-3 layers

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
a) Bone
b) Ligaments
c) Blood
d) Nervous tissue

A

d) nervous tissue

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22
Q

what are the four types of human tissue

A
  • epithelial
  • nervous
  • muscle
  • connective
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23
Q

definition of epithelial

A

holds structure, allows movement of substances and acts as a barrier

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24
Q

Epithelial function

A

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion

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25
Epithelial location
covers body surface, cover and lines internal organs and compose glands
26
Epithelial characteristic
Lack of blood vessels, readily divided, cells are tightly packed.
27
nervous definition
allows for the flow of electrical signals around the body.
28
nervous function
conduct impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception
29
nervous location
brain, spinal cord, nerves
30
nervous characteristic
cell communicate with each other and other body parts
31
muscle tissue definition
allows for movement
32
muscle function
movement
33
muscle location
attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart.
34
muscle characteristic
able to contract in response to specific stimuli
35
connective definition
keeps everything together and apart
36
connective tissue function
bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells
37
connective tissue location
all throughout the body
38
connective tissue characteristic
having a good blood supply, cells are further apart than epithelial cells
39
what type of outer layer do epithelial tissue have
apical layer
40
are epithelial tissues avascular or vascular
they are avascular
41
how are epithelial tissues categorised
by shape and layer
42
shape for epithelial tissue
squamous, cuboidal, & columnar
43
layer for epithelial tissue
one or more than one layer
44
simple squamous epithelium
- single layer of thin flattened cells - suited for diffusion it functions in the exchange if gases in the alveoli of the lungs and the lymph vessels and body cavities to allow for easier exchange of substances.
45
simple cuboidal epithelium and function
- single layer of the cube-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. its function in secretion and absorption in the kidneys, secretion in glands and covers the ovaries
46
simple columnar epithelium
Single row of elongated cells whose nuclei are all located near the basement membrane.
47
explain the structure of the epithelium tissue
nucleus basement membrane connective tissue
48
what's a feature of the simple columnar epithelium
it can be ciliated or non ciliated
49
ciliated cells
are cells that are lined with cilia which are tiny hair like structure on the surface
50
non-ciliated lines the uterus
lines the uterus, stomach and intestines where it protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients.
51
where can the ciliated simple columnar epithelium be found
uterine tubes and moves an egg towards the uterus
52
what do the small intestine simple columnar epithelium have
microvilli that increase the surface area available absorption
53
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Appear layers due to varying positions of their nuclei within the rows of cells but are not layered. Cilia may be present, along with mucus-secreting goblet cells, that line and sweep debris from respiratory tubes.
54
what other type of cells are also present on columnar epithelium tissue
Mucus- secreting goblet cells
55
Stratified squamous epithelium
This type of tissue is made of a layers of flattened cells that are designed to protect underlying layers.
56
what does the stratified squamous epithelium make up
the outer layer of skin and lines the mouth throat vagina and anal canal.
57
what happens in the skin of the stratified squamous layers
undergo Keratinization, producing a dry, water-proof, protective layer
58
Stratified Cuboidal epithelium
This tissue consists of two-three layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas, ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules. Several layers of cells provide greater protection than one single layer.
59
Stratified columnar epithelium
This type of tissue consists of several layers of cells with columnar ells on the surface. This type of tissue is rare but may be found in the male urethra.
60
transitional epithelium
Designed to distend and return to its normal size, as it does in the lining of the urinary, bladder, urethra and ureters. Provides distensibility and keeps urine from diffusing back into the internal cavity.
61
Glandular Epithelium
A gland makes and secretes particular substances
62
what is the glandular epithelium made up
This tissue is made up of cuboidal or columnar cells designed to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids. Glands that secrete products into ducts are exocrine, those that secrete into body fluids and blood are called endocrine.
63
what is the epithelial membrane made up of
combined structure of the epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
64
explain a serous membrane
tissue that line the body cavities that articulate with organs, using layer of lubricant fluid to allow for smooth movement and glide
65
what are the two sides of a epithelial membrane
parietal side and visceral side
66
Mucous membrane
lines cavities and tubes that are open to the outside. Contains goblet cells that produce mucus to protect and allow for easier movement
67
Cutaneous membranes
the skin a dry membrane that is keratinized for protection and water-proofing.
68
name all the connective tissue
tendon blood bone ligaments fascia cartilage tissue adipose
69
connective tissue is the
tissue that is found between all other tissues types.
70
what are the 3 components on a connective tissue
1. Fibres - types of collagens (5), elastin and reticular fibres 2. Cells - fibroblasts, osteocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes 3. Ground substance - water, proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans combinations of protein and carbohydrate molecules.
71
1. Skin, tendon, ligaments, organs and bones 2. Cartilage 3. Reticular found in liver, bone marrow, and lymphatic vessels 4. Basal lamina - microscopic layer that connect to epithelial tissue. 5.Hair, skin, and placenta
72
what can muscle tissue do
it can grow and shrink in length and thickness
73
hypertrophy
gain in muscle CSA
74
atrophy
loss in muscle CSA
75
hyperplasia
increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ leading to its enlargement
76
what are neuroglia
specialist cell that support, nourish and communicate with the neurons they do not conduct electrical impulses
77
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue is
Macrophages
HS11117 Physiology & Pathology
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