Enzymology

Question 1

What is catabolism?

Answer 1

Large molecules broken down into smaller ones = releasing energy

Question 2

What is anabolism?

Answer 2

Small molecules are assembled into larger ones = using energy

Question 3

What are enzymes?

Answer 3

Proteins (3D), biological catalysts, selective, unaffected/unchanged

Question 4

What are proteins?

Answer 4

Large molecules made of one or more chains of amino acids

Question 5

What are substrates?

Answer 5

Enzymes being acted upon

Question 6

What are Products?

Answer 6

The molecules that are formed

Question 7

What are cofactors?

Answer 7

Support molecules

Question 8

Primary structure

Answer 8

Amino acid sequence

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

Folding as a result of H bonding

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Secondary folding caused by interactions within polypeptide and immediate environment

Question 11

Quaternary structure

Answer 11

Relationships between individual subunits

Question 12

At low substrate concentrations:

Answer 12

Infrequent collisions, products made slowly

Question 13

As substrate increases:

Answer 13

Rate of reaction increases proportionately

Question 14

As substrate increases further:

Answer 14

Enzymes working at max rate, further substrate increase has no effect, enzyme is saturated.

Question 15

Describe competitive inhibitors

Answer 15

Bind reversibly, reduce access of substrate to enzyme

Question 16

Describe non-competitive inhibitors

Answer 16

Non-reversible - change active site shape
target enzyme at points other than active sote

Question 17

Role of lactase

Answer 17

Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 18

Role of sucrase

Answer 18

Breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 19

Role of maltase

Answer 19

Breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 20

Role of glucoamylase

Answer 20

Breaks down starch into glucose

Question 21

Role of protease

Answer 21

Breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides/single amino acids

Question 22

Role of Lipase

Answer 22

Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

Role of cellulase

Answer 23

Breaks down cellulose into simple sugars e.g. glucose